SMART BIOMEDICAL TECHNOLOGIES FOR PRECISION ONCOLOGY: ADVANCEMENTS IN CANCER DIAGNOSIS, MONITORING, AND PERSONALIZED THERAPEUTICS

Abstract

Precision oncology has emerged as a transformative approach to cancer management by enabling personalized diagnosis, monitoring, and treatment based on individual molecular and clinical characteristics. Recent advancements in smart biomedical technologies have significantly accelerated this transition, providing innovative tools for improving the accuracy, efficiency, and effectiveness of cancer care. This review explores the role of emerging technologies, including artificial intelligence (AI), biosensors, wearable devices, nanotechnology, multi-omics platforms, digital health systems, and advanced computational analytics, in supporting precision oncology. The review discusses how AI-assisted imaging, liquid biopsies, molecular profiling, and smart biosensors have enhanced early cancer detection and diagnostic precision. It further examines the application of wearable sensors, digital biomarkers, remote monitoring systems, and real-time data analytics for continuous disease surveillance and treatment-response assessment. Additionally, the potential of smart drug delivery systems, targeted therapies, immunotherapies, gene-editing technologies, and predictive models in enabling personalized therapeutics is highlighted. The integration of these technologies into clinical oncology workflows through clinical decision support systems, digital health ecosystems, and multi-omics frameworks is also addressed. Despite substantial progress, challenges related to data privacy, algorithm transparency, clinical validation, regulatory compliance, infrastructure requirements, and healthcare accessibility remain significant barriers to widespread implementation. Future innovations such as digital twins, federated learning, quantum computing, and advanced nanorobotics are expected to further advance precision oncology. Collectively, smart biomedical technologies are reshaping cancer care and paving the way toward more predictive, personalized, and patient-centred oncology practice.