EFFICACY AND SAFETY OF BIOLOGIC THERAPY IN MODERATE TO SEVERE ATOPIC DERMATITIS: A LITERATURE REVIEW

Abstract

Atopic dermatitis (AD) or atopic eczema (AE), is a long-lasting skin condition that frequently flares up. It is identified by extreme itchiness, small itchy bumps, red scaly patches, very dry skin, and a weakened outer skin layer. This condition commonly begins in early childhood, although it frequently persists into adulthood. Various assessment instruments are frequently applied in clinical settings to determine the severity of atopic dermatitis (AD), which is typically categorized into mild, moderate, or severe forms. Commonly used tools include the Eczema Area and Severity Index (EASI), Scoring Atopic Dermatitis (SCORAD), validated Investigator Global Assessment (vIGA), and body surface area (BSA) evaluation. The European Medicines Agency has authorized four biological treatments dupilumab, tralokinumab, lebrikizumab, and nemolizumab for managing moderate to severe atopic dermatitis. This skin condition is a complicated, hereditary disorder arising from a combination of genetic, immunological, and environmental influences The safety and success of AD treatment have improved greatly with biologics that target individual cytokines like IL-4, IL-13, or IL-31. This differs from traditional non biological medications, which function as wide-ranging immunosuppressants rather than pinpointing and resolving the specific biological causes of the condition. Lately, specific biologic medicines have been introduced and cleared for use in treating advanced atopic dermatitis. Researchers carried out a review of academic literature to demonstrate the success and utility of these biological therapies in modern AD management.