ASSEMBLY OF MULTIFUNCTIONAL STARCH/PVA ELECTROSPUN NANOSCAFFOLDS INCORPORATED WITH ULTRASONIC-ASSISTED BIOGENIC SYNTHESIS OF CUO NANOPARTICLES FROM MARINE MACROALGAE (DICTYOTA SP.) EXTRACT: PHYSICOCHEMICAL CHARACTERIZATION AND ANTIDIABETIC EVALUATIO

Abstract

This study explores the green synthesis of copper oxide nanoparticles (CuO NPs) using Dictyota algal extract and their incorporation into starch/polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) nanofiber scaffolds for enhanced antidiabetic activity. CuO NPs were synthesized via an eco-friendly approach, where algal bioactives acted as reducing and stabilizing agents. The nanoparticles were characterized using UV-Vis spectroscopy, FTIR, XRD, SEM, and DLS, confirming successful formation and high stability (zeta potential > ±30 mV). The starch/PVA/CuO-NPs nanoscaffolds were fabricated via electrospinning, exhibiting uniform fiber morphology (SEM) and improved thermal stability (TGA). In vitro antidiabetic evaluation demonstrated significant α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibition, with nanoscaffolds showing the highest efficacy (IC₅₀ = 52.32 µg/mL and 48.75 µg/mL, respectively) compared to algal extract and bare CuO NPs. The enhanced inhibitory effects were attributed to the synergistic interaction between CuO NPs and the polymeric matrix, facilitating controlled bioactive release. These findings highlight the potential of marine algae-mediated nanoscaffolds as a sustainable, biocompatible alternative for diabetes management. Further in vivo studies are recommended to assess therapeutic potential and biosafety.