ASSOCIATION BETWEEN CANCER-CAUSING VIRUSES – HPV, EBV, HIV, AND CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE IN ADULTS: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW

Abstract

Introduction: Cancer-causing viruses like Human Papillomavirus (HPV), Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV), and Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) are well-established causes of malignancies. However, emerging research has suggested a potential role for these viruses in the development of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) in adults. The aim of this systematic review is to investigate the association between these oncogenic viruses and CVD, focusing on their contribution to cardiovascular health. Methods: A comprehensive literature search was conducted on PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Embase, and the Cochrane Library to identify studies published up to 2025. Inclusion criteria were adults aged 18 and above, with randomized controlled trials, cohort studies, case-control studies, and cross-sectional studies exploring the link between HPV, EBV, HIV, and CVD. Data extraction focused on study characteristics, viral infection type, cardiovascular outcomes, and statistical analyses. Results Studies revealed significant associations between HPV and CVD, with chronic inflammation as a key contributing factor. HIV-infected individuals were found to have increased cardiovascular risk due to inflammation and ART induced lipid abnormalities. EBV showed inconsistent results, with some studies indicating indirect effects, particularly in individuals with autoimmune diseases. Conclusion This review highlights that while HPV and HIV have a clearer association with cardiovascular risk, EBV’s role requires further investigation. Future research should aim to elucidate the underlying mechanisms and explore preventive strategies for individuals infected with these viruses.