CLIMATE VARIABILITY AND ADAPTIVE BEHAVIOUR OF PADDY CULTIVATORS IN TAMIL NADU

Abstract

Agricultural systems are increasingly at risk from climate change, especially paddy farmers whose livelihoods heavily rely on monsoon rainfall and ambient temperature. This study looks at how Tamil Nadu's paddy farmers perceive climate change and the tactics they have used to adapt to changing weather. Paddy farmers' awareness, observed changes, and attitudes regarding climate variability were evaluated using a structured questionnaire based on a Likert scale. The variety of adaption techniques used by farmers is also documented in the study. Analysis of meteorological data from 2009 to 2025 showed consistently high maximum temperatures between 34.3°C and 36.5°C as well as notable variations in rainfall, with a marked deficit phase from 2012 to 2020 and surplus conditions after 2021. These patterns were consistently mirrored in farmers' perceptions. The results show that most paddy farmers have responded with varied degrees of autonomous adaptation to climate change, which they strongly perceive as a current and intensifying reality, mostly experienced through rainfall unpredictability and heat stress throughout crucial crop growth stages. The study emphasises the critical need for climate-resilient agricultural technologies, policy-level support, and focused extension services to increase the adaptability of Tamil Nadu's paddy farming communities.