ENHANCING SEED GERMINATION AND VIGOR IN RICE, BLACKGRAM, AND BHENDI THROUGH ULTRASONIC TREATMENT: A STUDY OF OPTIMAL TREATMENT DURATIONS AND THEIR IMPACT ON SEED QUALITY PARAMETERS

Abstract

Seed dormancy, a natural adaptation that prevents premature germination under adverse conditions, poses significant challenges for agricultural productivity. This study evaluates the effects of ultrasonic treatment—a non-chemical, high frequency sound wave technique—on seed germination and vigor in rice, blackgram, and bhendi. Seeds were exposed to ultrasonic waves at 40 kHz and 43°C for durations of 10, 20, 30, and 40 minutes. Germination percentage, root and shoot lengths, dry matter accumulation, vigor indices, and speed of germination were assessed. Results revealed significant improvements in all seed quality parameters, particularly at 40 minutes of exposure, with germination rates reaching 98% (rice), 91% (blackgram), and 83% (bhendi). Enhanced root/shoot development and seedling biomass also correlated positively with exposure time. These findings demonstrate the effectiveness of ultrasonication in breaking seed dormancy and enhancing early seedling growth. As a simple, eco-friendly alternative to chemical treatments, ultrasonic seed priming holds promise for improving crop establishment and yield in sustainable agriculture. Future research should focus on optimizing treatment parameters and assessing field-level performance.