Efficacy of Gaming Therapies on Balance in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Scoping Review

Abstract

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) commonly result in postural control and balance deficits mainly due to motor planning, sensory integration, motor and anticipatory postural control adjustments. Emerging technology based rehabilitation approaches like Kinect-based therapy, exergaming and virtual reality, provide interactive and task-oriented environments that may facilitate motor learning and engagement. Objective of this study is to systematically link and synthesize the available interventional evidence on Kinect, exergaming, and VR-based balance training in children with ASD. This review was conducted in accordance with PRISMA-ScR guidelines. Electronic databases like scopus, PubMed, PEDro, Web of Science, and Google Scholar) were used for searching studies published during the time period from 2010 to 2025. Experimental, RCTs and quasi-experimental investigating technology based interventions like Kinect, VR, or exergaming interventions for improving balance outcomes  were included. Data was extracted and synthesized in descriptive manner. 12 studies met the eligibility criteria. Duration of intervention ranged from acute one-session exposure to twelve week programs per week. In most studies, consistent improvements were found in static/dynamic balance, and postural control. However, heterogeneity in methodology, small sample sizes, and less follow-ups were evident. Kinect and VR-based interventions demonstrate promising potential in improving balance and postural control in children with ASD. Current evidence exposes the variability in protocols and in long-term outcomes. Future research should focus on standardized intervention protocols and randomized controlled trials in large scale.