CORRELATION OF CORD BLOOD PH AND NUCLEATED RBC IN NEONATES WITH BIRTH ASPHYXIA: A PROSPECTIVE OBSERVATIONAL STUDY

Abstract

Background: Birth asphyxia is a leading cause of neonatal morbidity and mortality. Cord blood pH reflects acute hypoxia, while nucleated red blood cells (NRBCs) reflect prolonged or antenatal hypoxic stress. Objectives: To assess the association between cord blood pH, NRBC count, fetal distress, and short-term neonatal outcome among term neonates with birth asphyxia. Methods: A prospective observational study was conducted over 18 months among 40 term neonates with birth asphyxia. Cord blood pH was measured using a blood gas analyser, and NRBC counts were determined from peripheral smears. Statistical analysis included correlation tests and ROC curve analysis. Results: A significant negative correlation was observed between cord blood pH and NRBC count (r = −0.384, p = 0.014). Cord blood pH demonstrated better predictive ability (AUC 0.760) compared to NRBC count (AUC 0.577). Conclusion: Cord blood pH is a reliable marker of acute hypoxia, whereas NRBC count reflect prolonged or antenatal hypoxic stress.