EVALUATION OF ENVIRONMENTAL STRESS TOLERANCE IN SOIL-ISOLATED BACILLUS SPP. FOR SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURAL APPLICATIONS

Abstract

Bacillus species are among the most promising microorganisms used in the production of biofertilizers because of their multiple plant growth-promoting properties, ability to improve nutrient availability, production of antimicrobial compounds, and high sporulation efficiency. Their capacity to survive under harsh environmental conditions, including high temperatures and acidic soils, further makes them suitable for agricultural applications under diverse climatic conditions. The present study was carried out to evaluate the characteristics of Bacillus isolates that are important for their potential use as biofertilizer-producing organisms. The isolates were identified and screened for important morphological, biochemical, and biofertilizer-related traits, including temperature tolerance, pH tolerance, antagonistic activity, antimicrobial activity, and enzyme production. The results showed that while all isolates exhibited beneficial characteristics to varying degrees, a few strains demonstrated superior performance in several of the evaluated parameters. These promising isolates showed greater adaptability and functional properties that make them suitable candidates for biofertilizer development. The findings of this study highlight the potential of selecting efficient Bacillus strains for the production of stable and effective biofertilizers that can support sustainable agriculture and reduce dependence on chemical fertilizers.