A STUDY ON THE ROLE OF VITAMIN D3 ON UTERINE FIBROIDS

Abstract

Introduction Uterine fibroids are the most common benign tumors in women of reproductive age and are associated with abnormal uterine bleeding, pelvic pain and infertility. Vitamin D deficiency has been proposed as a potential contributor to fibroid development and growth. This study evaluated the association between serum vitamin D levels and uterine fibroids and examined the relationship between vitamin D status and fibroid volume. Methodology A hospital-based case–control study was conducted among 100 women, including 50 women with ultrasonographically confirmed uterine fibroids and 50 age-matched controls without fibroids. Sociodemographic, menstrual, obstetric, and family history data were recorded. Serum vitamin D levels were measured and classified as deficient, insufficient, or sufficient. Fibroid volume was assessed by ultrasonography. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 26.0, and p<0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results The mean serum vitamin D level was significantly lower in cases than controls (18.6 ± 6.2 vs. 27.4 ± 7.1 ng/mL; p<0.001). Vitamin D deficiency was present in 64% of cases compared with 28% of controls (p<0.001). Serum vitamin D levels showed a significant negative correlation with fibroid volume (r=-0.46; p=0.002). Higher BMI, menstrual irregularities, prolonged menstrual bleeding, early menarche, and positive family history were significantly associated with uterine fibroids. Conclusion Vitamin D deficiency is significantly associated with the occurrence and larger volume of uterine fibroids. Assessment of vitamin D status may help identify women at increased risk and support preventive strategies. Larger prospective studies are needed to establish causality and evaluate the effectiveness of vitamin D supplementation.