FUNCTIONAL GAIT ANALYSIS AS AN OUTCOME TOOL FOR QUANTIFYING GAIT IMPROVEMENT IN STROKE PATIENTS (2020–2025): A NARRATIVE REVIEW

Abstract

Stroke is a leading cause of long-term disability, with over 70% of survivors experiencing gait impairments reduced speed, asymmetrical strides, impaired balance, and increased fall risk. This narrative review synthesizes 2020-2025 evidence from major databases (PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Embase, CINAHL, PEDro, Cochrane) on functional gait analysis for quantifying gait improvement in adult stroke survivors, critically analyzing original research, systematic reviews, meta-analyses, and guidelines covering validated clinical tools (FGA, DGI, TUG, 10MWT, 6MWT) and digital technologies. Results show functional gait analysis has evolved into a multidimensional, highly reliable, valid, and responsive clinical outcome across acute to chronic stages. The FGA is especially valued for addressing dynamic balance with reduced ceiling effects and correlates strongly with established measures. Emerging technologies wearable inertial sensors, smartphone-based applications, machine-learning algorithms, and markerless motion capture enhance precision, ecological validity, and clinical accessibility. Integrating functional gait analysis into multidisciplinary rehab supports personalized treatment planning and objective longitudinal monitoring. In conclusion, functional gait analysis is indispensable for post-stroke recovery evaluation; combining standardized clinical assessments with digital innovations enables comprehensive walking performance assessment and therapeutic effectiveness tracking. Future research should harmonize protocols, establish universal clinically meaningful thresholds, and integrate AI with wearable sensors for continuous real-world gait monitoring and feedback.