EVALUATION OF C-SECTION TRENDS USING ROBSONS TEN GROUP CLASSIFICATION SYSTEM

Abstract

Objective: To evaluate cesarean section trends using the Robson Ten Group Classification System. Study Design and Setting: This cross-sectional study was conducted in Ward 8, Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Centre, from 1st July to 31st December 2025. Methodology:  In total, 160 women undergoing cesarean section with gestational age of 24 weeks or more were included using calculated OpenEpi used for sample size calculation. Data was collected after signing an informed consent from hospital records, including maternal demographics, obstetric characteristics, and neonatal outcomes. The participants were divided into groups according to Robson's Ten Group Classification System that depended on parity (whether or not they had had a previous c-section), onset of labor, fetal presentation (that is posterior or anterior), gestational age and plurality (i.e. singleton or multiple birth). Results: The mean maternal age was 29.5 years and mean gestational age was 38 weeks. Most women were multiparous (71.3%), with 58.8% having a prior cesarean section. The majority (67.5%) underwent cesarean delivery without labor onset. Robson Group 5 (previous cesarean, single cephalic ≥37 weeks) contributed the highest proportion (42.5%), followed by Group 10 (preterm cephalic) at 17.5% and Group 2 at 11.3%. The most frequent indications included previous cesarean section with fetal compromise, fetal distress, and obstetric complications such as placental abnormalities and malpresentation. Conclusion: The fifth group is still the leading contributor to cesarean rates, exposing the impact of repeat cesarean sections. Policies which encourage vaginal delivery after the previous cesarean section and right labor management can help reduce unnecessary C-Sections.