A CADAVERIC STUDY ON MORPHOMETRY AND BRANCHING PATTERN OF ARCH OF AORTA IN EASTERN UTTAR PRADESH POPULATION

Abstract

Background: The arch of the aorta is a major arterial segment supplying the head, neck, and upper limbs through its principal branches. Variations in its branching pattern and morphometry are of considerable clinical importance during cardiovascular, thoracic, and endovascular procedures, this study aims to observe branching pattern as well as the morphometry of the vessels. Methods: This cadaveric observational study was conducted on 50 formalin-embalmed adult human hearts obtained from cadavers aged 30–70 years in the Department of Anatomy, MVASMC, Ghazipur. The branching pattern of the aortic arch was classified into three types: Type I (three branches), Type II (two branches), and Type III (four branches). External diameters of the arch of aorta and its branches were measured using digital Vernier callipers in both vertical and transverse planes. Data were analysed using Microsoft Excel, and descriptive statistics including mean, standard deviation, and range were calculated Results: The classical Type I branching pattern was observed in 44 (88%) specimens, while Type II and Type III patterns were found in 4 (8%) and 2 (4%) specimens, respectively. The mean vertical and transverse diameters of the arch of aorta were 18.67±3.19 mm and 15.71±3.77 mm, respectively. The brachiocephalic trunk measured 10.68±0.89 mm (vertical) and 9.68±1.87 mm (transverse), the left common carotid artery 6.10±1.02 mm and 5.44±0.74 mm, and the left subclavian artery 7.32±1.29 mm and 6.77±1.33 mm, respectively. Conclusions  : The classical three-branch configuration was the predominant pattern in the Eastern Uttar Pradesh population. The morphometric data and observed anatomical variations provide valuable baseline information for anatomists, radiologists, and cardiovascular surgeons, facilitating safer diagnostic and surgical interventions involving the aortic arch