FORENSIC AND LEGAL ANALYSIS ON THE IMPACT OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS ON GENETIC DNA EVIDENCE IN CRIMINAL INVESTIGATIONS

Abstract

DNA evidence has revolutionized the field of forensic science, serving as a cornerstone in modern criminal investigations. However, the integrity of DNA samples can be significantly compromised by various environmental factors, raising serious concerns about their reliability and admissibility in court. This study explores the forensic and legal implications of environmental factors—such as temperature, humidity, UV radiation, microbial activity, and chemical contamination—on the stability, preservation, and profiling of DNA evidence. Through a multidisciplinary approach combining forensic science principles, legal analysis, and empirical data evaluated using SPSS, this paper investigates the extent to which environmental degradation affects the evidentiary value of DNA in criminal proceedings.

The research draws on case studies in which environmental exposure challenged the admissibility of DNA evidence and led to controversial or overturned verdicts. It also highlights landmark judicial guidelines that have addressed the use of degraded DNA. Furthermore, the paper examines best practices in the collection, preservation, and analytical techniques employed to mitigate the impact of environmental stressors on DNA. Ethical considerations, particularly concerning partial or low-quality DNA profiles, are also discussed.

Findings suggest that while environmental degradation poses a serious threat to the reliability of DNA evidence, advances in forensic technology and procedural safeguards can significantly reduce these challenges. The study recommends standardized forensic protocols and clearer legal frameworks to ensure that DNA evidence remains a robust and reliable tool in the pursuit of justice.