Biological data in Genomics Proteomics and Biomarker Discovery

Abstract

The unification of genomics, proteomics and biomarker discovery reform new age biomedical research by adding pin point disease molecular mechanism, determination, interpretation and treatment approach. The identification of genetic alteration, protein misfolding, molecular signatures and patterns has been accelerated due to advancement in spectrophometry, High-throughput screening, and bioinformatics. These all above mentioned parameters are strongly linked with human disease and disorders. Genomics suggested the comprehensive study of genetic structure, mutations and epigenetic modification. Proteomics deals with the study of protein interaction, cellular signaling and pathways that affect physiological and pathological conditions of human body. Biomarker are measurable biological indicator of early progression of disease. It offers structured personalized medicine and treatment to patients. This chapter critically examines emerging technologies and approaches like transitional significance of biomarker in cancer, metabolic disorder, and neurological disorder. The reproducible data, sample heterogeneity, ethical concerns and regulatory approval limit the widespread of derived biomarker in health care system. For individual targeted diagnosis and therapy, the genomics and proteomics will redefine and reshaping the predictive and preventive medicine. Future development in biological system expected to enhance reliability and applicability of clinical approach, advancing patient personalized healthcare. This chapter provide analytical and insightful overview of genomics, protemics, biomarker discovery in current trends and technologies, future perspective for researchers, clinicians and pharmaceutical scientist.