OSSEOINTEGRATION: A REVIEW

Abstract

Osseointegration is a critical phenomenon underpinning the success of modern implant dentistry. Since its serendipitous discovery by Brånemark, this concept has evolved into a well-established biological and clinical principle that enables predictable functional and esthetic rehabilitation. This review discusses the historical background, biological mechanisms, theories, biomaterials, surgical protocols, loading concepts, and future directions in osseointegration. Key aspects such as surface modifications, biointegration, and biomechanical factors are highlighted to understand their impact on implant survival and patient outcomes.