MULTIMODALITY IMAGING OF PITUITARY, THYROID, PARATHYROID, ADRENAL, AND PANCREATIC ENDOCRINE DISORDERS IN PEDIATRIC AND ADULT PATIENTS: A COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW WITH CLINICAL CORRELATION AND MEDICAL MANAGEMENT

Abstract

Objective: To evaluate the role of multimodality imaging in the diagnosis and characterization of pituitary thyroid parathyroid adrenal and pancreatic endocrine disorders in pediatric and adult patients and to determine its clinical correlation and impact on medical management.

Methods: This descriptive observational study was conducted at Lady Reading Hospital Peshawar from 23 January 2025 to 23 December 2025. A total of 120 patients with suspected or confirmed endocrine disorders were included using nonprobability consecutive sampling. Clinical data laboratory findings and imaging examinations including ultrasonography computed tomography magnetic resonance imaging and nuclear medicine studies were reviewed. Imaging findings were correlated with clinical presentation histopathological diagnosis and treatment strategies. Statistical analysis was performed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 26 and a p value of less than 0.05 was considered significant.

Results: The mean age of the patients was 41.2 ± 16.8 years and 68 patients were male. Thyroid disorders were the most frequent endocrine abnormalities followed by pituitary and adrenal lesions. Ultrasonography was the most commonly utilized imaging modality while magnetic resonance imaging was primarily used for pituitary diseases. Solid enhancing lesions represented the most common imaging pattern. Medical management was performed in most patients while surgical intervention was required in selected cases. Multimodality imaging demonstrated high diagnostic accuracy and significantly influenced therapeutic decision making.

Conclusion: Multimodality imaging provides accurate characterization of endocrine disorders and facilitates early diagnosis appropriate treatment selection and improved patient management in both pediatric and adult populations.