DISPARITIES IN MORTALITY TRENDS IN ACUTE MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION WITH METABOLIC SYNDROME IN THE U.S. POPULATION: A TWO-DECADE ANALYSIS FROM CDC WONDER DATABASE (1999–2020)

Abstract

Background: Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) remain the leading cause of death globally. In the U.S., approximately 1.5 million acute myocardial infarctions (AMI) occur annually, with metabolic syndrome (MetS) present in 40–50% of cases

Research Question: How have AMI mortality trends evolved among patients with MetS, and what disparities persist across different populations?

Aim: To analyze AMI-related mortality trends in patients with MetS, highlighting demographic and geographic disparities.

Methodology: CDC WONDER data for AMI (ICD-10: I21) deaths with metabolic disorders (ICD-10: E70–E89) as contributing causes were analyzed. Adults ≥ 45 years were stratified by gender, race, origin, region, and urbanization. Age-adjusted mortality rates (AAMRs) and annual percentage changes (APCs) were calculated using Joinpoint regression (p<0.05).

Results: From 1999-2020, 141,111 deaths were recorded (AAMR: 5.4, 95% CI: 5.4–5.4). Males (1999-2004) and females (1999-2008) had rising trends (APC: 5.0%, 1.05%). Hispanics (1999-2008, 2018-2020) and non-Hispanics (1999-2003, 2018-2020) showed mortality spikes. African Americans (APC: 12.68%, 2018-2020) and Whites (APC: 6.43%) had significant increases. Small Metro areas saw an 8.48% rise. The South had the highest burden, particularly in Mississippi and Alabama. Medium Metro areas also had a significant mortality increase (APC: 7.08%, 95% CI: 2.56–9.68, p=0.000).

Conclusion: AMI mortality in patients with MetS surged from 2018-2020, disproportionately affecting racial minorities and specific regions, highlighting the need for targeted interventions