INTEGRATED EVALUATION OF BI-RADS CLASSIFICATION, HISTOPATHOLOGICAL FEATURES, AND IMMUNOHISTOCHEMICAL BIOMARKERS IN MALIGNANT BREAST LESIONS

Abstract

Breast carcinoma is a heterogeneous disease requiring accurate diagnostic evaluation through multiple modalities. Integration of radiological assessment, histopathological examination, and immunohistochemical profiling plays a vital role in improving diagnostic precision and guiding strategies for treatment. To perform an integrated evaluation of BI-RADS classification, histopathological structures, and immunohistochemical biomarkers in malignant breast lesions and to assess their interrelationships. A total of 172 histopathologically confirmed malignant breast lesions were analyzed in this cross-sectional study. Radiological findings were categorized using BI-RADS classification, while histopathological examination and tumor grading were performed using standard criteria. Molecular subtypes were identified by immunohistochemical examination of the progesterone receptor (PR), estrogen receptor (ER), and HER2. The Chi-square test was used for statistical analysis, and p < 0.05 was deemed significant. The most common subtype was invasive ductal carcinoma, with the majority of tumors exhibiting intermediate size and moderate differentiation. Most of the patients showed hormone receptor positive, and a sizable portion had HER2 overexpression. The most prevalent molecular subtype was luminal A. No statistically significant correlation was found between BI-RADS classification or immunohistochemical markers and histopathological subtype. However, tumor grade demonstrated a highly significant association. The findings emphasize that radiological and immunohistochemical parameters alone are insufficient predictors of tumor characteristics. An integrated, multidisciplinary approach is essential for accurate diagnosis, prognostic evaluation, and effective management of breast carcinoma.