GREEN FABRICATION OF CURDLAN NANOPARTICLES FOR KAEMPFEROL DELIVERY: A SUSTAINABLE APPROACH TO BREAST AND CERVICAL CANCER THERAPY

Abstract

Objective

The goal of the current study was to use factorial design to prepare and optimize curdlan nanoparticles loaded with curdlan for targeted drug delivery. A systematic investigation was conducted into the effects of major preparation variables, polymer amount, sodium tripolyphosphate quantity, and stirring speed on drug content, encapsulation efficiency, and cumulative drug release.

Methods

Using TPP as a crosslinker and curdlan  as a biodegradable polymer, kaempferol loaded curdlan nanoparticles were created via an altered ionic gelation process. The formulation parameters were optimized using a factorial design. A number of nanoparticle characteristics, such as cumulative drug release, encapsulation effectiveness, and particle size, were described. The prepared nanoparticles morphology was examined using a scanning electron microscope.  Additionally, the MTT assay was used to evaluate cytotoxicity on the HeLa and MCF-7  cancer cell line human  for  cervical  and  breast cancer.

Results

Particle size of 157.4 nm, drug content of 97.19 %, encapsulation efficiency of 90.45%, cumulative drug release of 95.94 ±0.28 %, Poly Dispersity Index of 0.248, and zeta potential of -25.9 mV are all characteristics of the optimal formulation. The nanoparticles spherical shape was revealed by the SEM results. Studies on in vitro cytotoxicity revealed that the curdlan nanoparticles loaded with kaempferol demonstrated strong anticancer properties, with IC₅₀ values of 73.02 µg/ml for MCF-7 and 84.83 µg/ml for HeLa cell lines.  Formulations utilizing pharmaceutical-grade kaempferol (≥98% purity) and curdlan (≥90% purity) were considered for inclusion. Only nanoparticles with a particle size below 200 nm, PDI of ≤0.3, drug content of at least 80%, and encapsulation efficiency of ≥70% were selected. Cytotoxicity evaluations were conducted using actively proliferating, contamination-free MCF-7 and HeLa cell lines exhibiting a minimum of 95% viability.

Conclusion

Therefore, it is possible that the newly discovered nanoparticles for   the treatment of breast and cervical cancer  represents a ground-breaking approach. These findings significantly support the possibility of using these nanoparticles as a therapeutic treatment for breast and cervical cancer patients undergoing or following resection of malignant lesions.