ASSESSMENT OF DISEASE CONTROL AND ASSOCIATED CLINICAL FACTORS IN CHILDREN WITH PEDIATRIC ASTHMA ATTENDING A TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL

Abstract

Background:
Pediatric asthma is one of the most common chronic respiratory disorders affecting children worldwide and remains a significant cause of morbidity, school absenteeism, and healthcare utilization. Despite advances in treatment strategies, inadequate disease control continues to pose substantial clinical challenges, particularly in developing countries. Identification of factors associated with poor asthma control is essential for improving patient outcomes and optimizing management strategies.

Objective:
To assess the level of disease control and determine the associated clinical factors among children with pediatric asthma attending a tertiary care hospital.

Methods:
A hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted among pediatric patients diagnosed with asthma presenting to the outpatient and inpatient departments of a tertiary care hospital. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire, clinical examination, and review of medical records. Asthma control status was assessed using standardized guideline-based criteria, including symptom frequency, nocturnal awakenings, activity limitation, rescue medication use, and exacerbation history. Demographic variables, environmental exposures, medication adherence, family history of atopy, allergic conditions, and trigger factors were analyzed to identify their association with asthma control. Statistical analysis was performed using appropriate descriptive and inferential methods, with a p-value of <0.05 considered statistically significant.

Results:
A considerable proportion of children demonstrated partially controlled or poorly controlled asthma. Poor disease control was significantly associated with irregular medication use, exposure to environmental allergens and tobacco smoke, recurrent respiratory infections, positive family history of asthma, obesity, and inadequate follow-up compliance. Children with good adherence to inhaled therapy and regular clinical monitoring showed better asthma control outcomes. Frequent emergency visits and school absenteeism were more common among patients with uncontrolled asthma.

Conclusion:
Suboptimal asthma control remains prevalent among pediatric patients and is influenced by multiple modifiable clinical and environmental factors. Early identification of high-risk patients, improved adherence to treatment, caregiver education, and regular follow-up may substantially enhance asthma control and reduce disease-related complications in children.