ANTIOXIDANT, HEPATOPROTECTIVE, ANTI-INFLAMMATORY EFFECTS OF AGARICUS CAMPESTRIS EXTRACT AGAINST DICLOFENAC-INDUCED HEPATIC DAMAGE IN WISTAR RATS

Abstract

Background: Agaricus campestris (AC), commonly known as the field mushroom, has long been used in traditional medicine for the treatment of hepatic disorders, diabetes mellitus, hypercholesterolemia, and gastrointestinal diseases. However, its antioxidant and hepatoprotective properties have not been scientifically validated.

Objective: To evaluate the anti-inflammatory, hepatoprotective, and antioxidant activities of the methanolic extract of Agaricus campestris (AEAC) in a rat model of diclofenac sodium (DFS)-induced liver injury.

Methods: Hepatoprotective activity was assessed by estimating serum biochemical markers, including aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and total bilirubin. Antioxidant activity was evaluated by free radical scavenging activity, lipid peroxidation (LPO), and reduced glutathione (GSH) levels. Histopathological examination of liver tissues and hyaluronidase inhibition assay were also performed.

Results: Administration of DFS caused a marked increase in serum AST, ALT, ALP, and total bilirubin levels. Treatment with AEAC significantly reduced these biomarkers, indicating restoration of normal liver function. AEAC exhibited significant free radical scavenging activity, decreased LPO, and increased liver GSH levels, demonstrating improved oxidative balance. Histopathological examination confirmed near-normal hepatic architecture in AEAC-treated groups. AEAC also significantly inhibited hyaluronidase (p < 0.005), indicating anti-inflammatory activity. These biological effects were attributed to the presence of flavonoids, polyphenols, and tocopherols.

Conclusion: Agaricus campestris possesses significant hepatoprotective, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory activities against DFS-induced liver injury and may serve as a promising natural therapeutic agent for the management of hepatic disorders.