ANTI-UROLITHIATIC ACTIVITY OF SINAPIC ACID AGAINST ETHYLENE GLYCOL-INDUCED UROLITHIASIS IN ALBINO WISTAR RATS

Abstract

Background:Urolithiasis is a prevalent urological disorder characterized by the formation of calcium oxalate (CaOx) crystals in the urinary tract, often resulting in renal dysfunction and recurrence. Despite the availability of conventional therapies, their associated limitations have prompted the exploration of safer and more effective natural therapeutic agents.Objective:The present study was designed to investigate the antiurolithiatic effects of Sinapic Acid in an ethylene glycol-induced calcium oxalate urolithiasis in male Albino Wistar rats. Methods:Thirty male Albino Wistar rats (150-250 g) were selected and divided into five groups (n=6). Urolithiasis was induced in Groups II–V by administering 0.75% ethylene glycol in drinking water for 14 days. Group I was served as the Normal control, Group II disease control, Group III animals were treated with standard drug Cystone (750mg/kg, p.o.) and Groups IV and V were treated with Sinapic Acid 20mg/kg and 40mg/kg p.o. respectively for 14 days. After 14 days urinary parameters, renal profile, body weight, water intake, and histopathological changes in kidney were evaluated. Statistical analysis was performed by using Two-way ANOVA.Results:Ethylene glycol administration significantly reduced body weight and urine volume while increasing water intake and serum urea, creatinine, blood urea nitrogen, uric acid, and calcium levels compared with the normal control (p < 0.001). Sinapic acid significantly attenuated these changes in a dose-dependent manner. At 40 mg/kg, serum urea, creatinine, blood urea nitrogen, uric acid, and calcium were reduced (p < 0.001 vs. disease control), with effects comparable to Cystone. Sinapic acid also restored urine volume, normalized water intake, markedly reduced calcium oxalate crystal deposition, and preserved normal renal histoarchitecture in a dose-dependent manner.Conclusion:The protective effects observed with Sinapic Acid at 40 mg/kg were comparable to those of the standard drug. Cystone and Sinapic Acid have a strong dose-dependent anti-urolithiatic and Reno protective effect, which is likely to be mediated by its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and diuretic effects. The study findings are strong to support Sinapic Acid as a future therapeutic agent for urolithiasis prevention and management as a natural compound.