INTEGRATIVE OMICS FOR PLANT PROTECTION IN FRUIT CROPS: LINKING MOLECULAR DEFENCE TO ORCHARD LEVEL DISEASE MANAGEMENT

Abstract

Fruit crop diseases cause substantial annual losses, compromising balance between global nutritional security and economic stability of fruit‑growing regions. Failure of conventional disease management strategies calls for pioneering technologies. Omics approach – genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, metabolomics, phenomics, and metagenomics – revolutionizing fruit pathology by quick pathogen detection and breeding of resistant varieties, emphasizing sustainability. Genomics enables development and identification of resistant genes through Next-Generation Sequencing(NGS) and CRISPR gene editing. Transcriptomics decipher host-pathogen interaction and defence expression, whereas proteomics and metabolomics reveal proteins and secondary metabolites promoting fruit crop resilience. Phenomics integrates AI, machine learning, and modern sensing/imaging technologies for early disease detection and management. Metagenomics allows for biocontrol strategies by characterization of beneficial microbes. Challenges encompass: (a) data integration across omics layers, (b) high costs and limited bioinformatics infrastructure, (c) shortage of skilled personnel, and (d) translating lab insights to field applications. Omics-driven strategies encourage sustainable fruit production by reducing chemical usage and enhancing genetic resistance. Implementation of omics approach at field level could transform fruit orchard protection and nutritional security at a global level. This review highlights the potential advantages of integrative omics for successful disease management in fruit crops.