Deep Breathing Exercises In Reducing Pain And Psychological Symptoms Of Premenstrual Syndrome: A Narrative Review

Abstract

Among women of reproductive age, premenstrual syndrome (PMS) is a prevalent ailment that is  characterized by range of physical and emotional symptoms that interfere with daily life and overall well-being. In recent years, non-pharmacological strategies such as deep breathing exercises have gained attention as potential approaches for symptom management. This narrative review aims to explore and summarize the available evidence on the effectiveness of deep breathing practices in alleviating both pain and psychological symptoms associated with PMS.A comprehensive literature search was conducted using databases including PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar, focusing on studies published between 2005 and 2025. Randomized controlled trials, observational studies, and systematic reviews evaluating the role of deep breathing techniques in PMS management were selected and critically analyzed. Evidence suggests that deep breathing exercises, through their influence on the autonomic nervous system, can significantly reduce physical complaints such as cramps and fatigue, while also improving psychological outcomes like irritability, anxiety, mood instability, and depression. The relaxation response triggered by deep breathing reduces sympathetic activity and enhances emotional regulation. Deep breathing techniques represent a promising, cost-effective, and accessible option for managing both physical and psychological aspects of PMS. However, further large-scale, high-quality randomized controlled trials are necessary to establish standardized protocols, confirm long-term benefits, and validate findings across diverse populations.