MARINE BROMOPHENOLS FROM POLYSIPHONIA: STRUCTURAL FEATURES, BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITY CORRELATIONS, AND FUTURE THERAPEUTIC APPLICATIONS

Abstract

This review presents a timeline of bromophenols discovered globally in various Polysiphonia species, a type of red alga (Rhodomelaceae). Researchers have focused on the authentication, extraction, isolation, and structural elucidation of the compounds. The compounds exhibited antioxidant, antibacterial, anticancer, anticoagulant, antidiabetic, and antifungal properties. The review suggests that DPPH free radical scavenging activity and cytotoxic studies were done extensively. Compounds like Chaetopyranin (35 µg/ml), Isotetrahydroauroglaucin (26 µg/ml), (E)-4-(3-bromo-4,5-dihydroxyphenyl)-but-3-en-2-one (9.67 µg/ml), and 4,7-dibromo-9,10-dihydrophenanthrene-2,3,5,6-tetraol (6.1 µM) were found to be potent, and several scaffolds have been identified to be correlated with activity, like the chroman ring, phenanthrene, oxepines, and many more. Several side chains like prenylated (3-methylbut-2-enyl), but-3-en-2-one (vinyl ketone), propionic acid chain, a butyl ester (acetic acid ester), and an ethane bridge also had an effect on biological activity. The interesting bromination pattern establishes bioactivity with the number and position of bromine atoms in the rings. Researchers have several potential to study these structures and develop safe drugs for the pharmaceutical and cosmetic industry.