KNOWLEDGE AND ATTITUDES TOWARD HYPOGLYCEMIA (FIRST AID AND RISK FACTORS) AMONG THE GENERAL POPULATION IN AL-BAHA REGION, SAUDI ARABIA

Abstract

Hypoglycemia is a frequent and potentially severe complication of diabetes mellitus that may cause considerable morbidity unless it is identified and treated promptly. Community awareness is essential for timely first-aid responses during hypoglycemic episodes. This cross-sectional observational study assessed knowledge and attitudes toward hypoglycemia risk factors and first-aid management among the general population in Al-Baha Region, Saudi Arabia. Data were collected from 480 adult residents using a self-administered online questionnaire distributed through social media platforms. The questionnaire covered sociodemographic characteristics, knowledge of hypoglycemia risk factors and symptoms, and attitudes and practices related to first-aid management. Overall, 71.0% of participants demonstrated an adequate level of knowledge. However, only 43.3% correctly identified a blood glucose level below 70 mg/dL as hypoglycemia. The most recognized risk factors were strenuous physical activity without sufficient food intake (61.9%), delaying or skipping meals (59.2%), and insulin overdose (50.0%). Dizziness (71.0%), trembling (67.4%), and sweating (59.5%) were the most frequently identified symptoms. Most participants (85.8%) correctly recognized fast-acting sugar, such as juice or candy, as appropriate first aid for a conscious person with hypoglycemia. Knowledge level was significantly associated with gender (p < 0.001), occupation (p = 0.016), and diabetes diagnosis (p = 0.034). The findings indicate generally adequate public awareness but highlight important gaps regarding the definition of hypoglycemia and the safe management of severe episodes.