MOLECULAR DIAGNOSTIC AND IMAGING CAPABILITIES OF INTRAOPERATIVE ULTRASOUND NAVIGATION

Abstract

Intraoperative ultrasound navigation (ioUS) is one of the most promising areas of modern neurosurgery, providing the surgeon with the opportunity to obtain images in real time and adapt intervention tactics taking into account dynamic changes in brain structures. ioUS technology is based on the use of ultrasound waves to visualize the anatomical and functional characteristics of brain tissue during surgery, which makes it an effective tool for navigation and control of the radicality of resection. Unlike traditional methods such as intraoperative MRI and CT, ioUS has a high data acquisition rate, economic accessibility, and no radiation exposure. The review is devoted to the analysis of modern intraoperative ultrasound technologies, including 3D imaging, contrast enhancement (CEUS), Dopplerography and elastosonography, as well as the assessment of their clinical effectiveness in the surgical treatment of brain tumors. The advantages of ioUS in eliminating the "brain shift" effect, integrating with neural navigation systems, and providing an individualized surgical approach are considered. Special attention is paid to the role of ioUS in increasing the radicality of resection, reducing the residual volume of the tumor and preserving functionally significant areas. Based on the analysis of domestic and foreign publications, key areas for further development of the technology have been identified, including standardization of protocols for its application, development of training systems for specialists, and integration of artificial intelligence for automated image interpretation. The conclusion is made about the high clinical and practical significance of ioUS as a universal visual monitoring tool capable of improving the safety and effectiveness of neurosurgical operations.