Research Article

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Invariant chain (Ii) isoform, through its thyroglobulin-like (Tg) domain, inhibits cysteine proteases during antigen presentation in vertebrates. In birds, the Ii of Muscovy Duck (MDIi) has 2 forms: MDIi-1 and MDIi-2 (MDIi isoform). To understand the genetic information and expression characteristics of MDIi-2, polymerase chain reaction, and bioinformatic analysis were performed for ... more

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Cross-presentation (CP) is important for priming T cell responses to many viral, bacterial, and tumor antigens. Here, we designed two Ii mutants, based on evidence that the invariant chain (Ii, also named CD74) binds newly synthesized MHC class I molecules with the class II-associated invariant chain peptide (CLIP) region of Ii, which occupies the peptide-binding groove. Specifically, we ... more

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Blood samples are used as a biological source to discover biomarkers of hematological and non-hematological disorders. The present study shows the impact of different experimental conditions associated with cell lysis buffer, TRI-reagent protocol and blood cell storage buffer and their correlation with the quantity, quality and Adrenomedullin gene expression levels of total ... more

I.A.G. Pérez; S.P. Santana; T.D. Argudin; D.O.P. Gardon
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Germin; In situ hybridization; RT-PCR; Salt stress; Wheat development

The response of plants to biotic and abiotic stress factors involves biochemical, physiological, morphological, and developmental changes. Salt stress has been the subject of extensive studies due to the low salt tolerance of many crop plants. Germin and germin-like gene products are known to be involved in various aspects of plant development, such as defense, embryonic development and ... more

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Cytokinin; Duplication; Maize (Zea mays); Phylogenetic analysis; RT-PCR; Two-component signal system

Cytokinins play many vital roles in plant development and physiology. In plants, cytokinin signals are sensed and transduced by the two-component signal system. This signaling cascade is typically composed of three proteins: a sensory histidine kinase, a histidine phosphotransfer protein, and a response regulator. Through a comprehensive genome-wide analysis of the maize (Zea mays ... more

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Cell wall; Polygalacturonase; RT-PCR; Sweet pepper; Transmission electron microscopy; Ultrastructure

Activity and expression of polygalacturonase (PG), a hydrolytic enzyme involved in ultrastructural changes in the pericarp of sweet pepper (Capsicum annaum), were investigated at different ripening stages of the pepper cultivars Mandi and Talanduo. Molecular cloning of CaPG was carried out by constructing a cDNA library from three stages of fruit ripening. Morphological ... more

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Apoptosis; CDV; Fas receptor; RT-PCR; Vero cells

We evaluated the expression of the Fas receptor gene in Vero cells infected with the Lederle vaccine strain of canine distemper virus using RT-PCR. Vero cells were plated, and after being grown for 24 h in MEM with 5% FBS, 80-90% confluent monolayer cultures were infected with the virus. The cells were harvested at 3, 6, 9, and 15 h post-infection. Uninfected Vero cells were used as a ... more

H.L. Del Puerto; A.S. Martins; G.F. Braz; F. Alves; M.B. Heinemann; D.S. Rajão; F.C. Araújo; S.F. Martins; D.R. Nascimento; R.C. Leite; A.C. Vasconcelos
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Follicular development; Growth factors; RT-PCR

The components of the insulin-like growth factor (IGF) system appear to be involved in regulation of ovarian follicular growth and atresia in the pig. We investigated the expression pattern of mRNAs for IGF1 (IGF1), its binding proteins (IGFBP1, IGFBP2, IGFBP3, and IGFBP5), and epidermal growth factor in swine follicle cells and ovarian tissue ... more

P.V. Silva; S.E.F. Guimarães; J.D. Guimarães; J.B. Neto; P.S. Lopes; C.Sdo Nascimento; C.F. de Campos; M.M.C.A. Weller; M.E. Botelho; V.R. Faria
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Ethanol; PVP; RNA isolation; RT-PCR; Sunflower seeds; β-mercaptoethanol

In an attempt to isolate high-quality, intact total RNA from sunflower (Helianthus annuus) seeds for investigation of the molecular mechanisms of mutations, we tested various procedures, using kits, including RNAiso Plus, RNAiso Plus+RNAiso-mate for Plant Tissue, Trizol, and the Qi method, but no high-quality total RNA of high integrity was obtained with any of these methods, ... more

J. Yang; X.B. Ma
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IHHNV; Litopenaeus vannamei; Molecular diagnosis; RT-PCR; Shrimp aquaculture; Shrimp virus

The Pacific whiteleg shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei (Penaeidae) is one of the most important cultivated species in world aquaculture. In Brazil, the northeastern states are home to the main shrimp producers. As shrimp aquaculture has expanded and intensified, diseases have progressively become one of the most serious threats to this industry. Infectious hypodermal and hematopoietic ... more

M.A. Teixeira; J.E.F. Cruz; P.R.N. Vieira; I.R.C. Branco; F.H.F. Costa; G. Rádis-Baptista

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