Related GMR Articles
Mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) is a prodrug active only after its hydrolysis to mycophenolic acid (MPA). The UGT1A9 enzyme is of special interest since it is the main enzyme involved in the glucuronidation of MPA. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the UGT1A9 gene may be responsible for individual differences in the pharmacokinetics of MMF. Expression levels and the activity of UGT1A9 may ... more
Sickle cell disease shows several clinical manifestations in distinct levels of severity. This heterogeneity is due to the haplotype variability associated with the HbS gene, levels of fetal hemoglobin and environmental conditions, which modify the disease expression. Science community believes that the presence of a polymorphism in the CCR5 gene, which is related to chronic inflammatory state ... more
Allergic rhinitis (AR) is an IgE-mediated inflammation of the nasal membranes, which is naturally triggered by aeroallergens. House dust mites (HDM) are the most common inhalant allergens. Interleukin-18 (IL-18) has been established as an essential cytokine that can activate the generation of IgE. This randomized controlled study aimed to identify the possible relationship of the genetic ... more
A disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motifs 4 (ADAMTS-4) can effectively degrade articular cartilage matrix proteoglycan and damage the intervertebral disc of spinal tuberculosis patients, resulting in deterioration of the physical properties of articular cartilage. Transforming growth factor β activated kinase 1 (TAK1) is similar to vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM-1 ... more
A disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motifs 4 (ADAMTS-4) can effectively degrade articular cartilage matrix proteoglycan and damage the intervertebral disc of spinal tuberculosis patients, resulting in deterioration of the physical properties of articular cartilage. Transforming growth factor β activated kinase 1 (TAK1) is similar to vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM-1 ... more
Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is an autoimmune disease with a strong genetic component that has been associated with several genetic loci. Interleukin 18 (IL-18) is a potent proinflammatory cytokine, which is involved in the innate and adaptive immune responses, and in the pathogenesis of various diseases including T1D. Glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) is known to be an insulin-responsive glucose ... more
We conducted a case-control study to investigate the association between the interleukin-10 (IL-10) C819T polymorphism and susceptibility to gastric cancer in a Chinese population. A total of 157 patients with gastric cancer and 249 controls were consecutively enrolled from the Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital between October 2012 and February 2015. The polymerase chain reaction- ... more
Lung cancer is one of the main causes of cancer-related mortality in males and females worldwide. A pleiotropic effect has been observed in the interleukin 18 gene (IL18); its effects include the activation of natural killer cell cytotoxicity and the promotion of the Th1 immune response through the alteration of the expression of interferon-γ and TNF-α in humans. IL18 is therefore involved in ... more
Gastric cancer is the fourth commonly diagnosed cancer and the second most frequent cause of cancer death worldwide. Genetic variations in ADH1B and ALDH2 may alter the function and activity of the corresponding enzymes, leading to differences in acetaldehyde exposure between drinkers. Cytochrome P4502E1 (CYP4502E1) is a phase I enzyme that plays an important role in metabolizing nitrosamine ... more
Endothelin-1 (ET-1) is the most potent endogenous vasoconstrictor and is involved in several vascular disorders such as hypertension. Its strong interaction with other vasoactive hormone systems suggests that the ET-1 gene (EDN1) is a potential candidate molecule that influences the risk of developing hypertension. Recently, two single nucleotide polymorphisms in EDN1 have been reported to be ... more