Wheat

Mitotic and meiotic behavior of rye chromosomes in wheat - Psathyrostachys huashanica amphiploid x triticale progeny

Q. Xie, Kang, H., Sparkes, D. L., Tao, S., Fan, X. M., Xu, L., Fan, X., Sha, L., Zhang, H., Wang, Y., Zeng, J., and Zhou, Y., Mitotic and meiotic behavior of rye chromosomes in wheat - Psathyrostachys huashanica amphiploid x triticale progeny, vol. 12, pp. 2537-2548, 2013.

The dynamics of rye chromosomes during mitosis and meiosis was analyzed in a subset comprising 33 F3 lines from the cross of wheat, Psathyrostachys huashanica amphiploid (AABBDDNsNs) and hexaploid triticale (AABBRR), as visualized by genomic in situ hybridization. The results indicated that 31 of the total lines contained 4-14 rye chromosomes. Twenty-eight combinations had more rye chromosomes than the F1 hybrids, suggesting the occurrence of spontaneous quantitative increment. No P.

Molecular characterization of Aspergillus flavus and aflatoxin contamination of wheat grains from Saudi Arabia

A. S. Al-Wadai, Al-Othman, M. R., Mahmoud, M. A., and El-Aziz, A. R. M. Abd, Molecular characterization of Aspergillus flavus and aflatoxin contamination of wheat grains from Saudi Arabia, vol. 12, pp. 3335-3352, 2013.

Twelve species belonging to six fungal genera were found to be associated with wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) grain samples collected from three main regions in Saudi Arabia. The most common genera (average frequency) were Aspergillus (14.3%), Fusarium (29.1%), Penicillium (9.3%), and Alternaria (8.2%). Nineteen isolates of Aspergillus flavus were screened for their ability to produce aflatoxins using HPLC. Thirteen isolates produced aflatoxins ranging from 0.5 to 2.6 μg/kg.

Characterization and molecular mapping of a dwarf mutant in wheat

X. J. Jin, Sun, D. F., Li, H. Y., Yang, Y., and Sun, G. L., Characterization and molecular mapping of a dwarf mutant in wheat, vol. 12, pp. 3555-3565, 2013.

A spontaneous dwarf mutant of wheat was found in an F5 generation line derived from a cross between Huamai No. 9 and Een No. 1 in 1998; it was named Huaai 01. We characterized the genetic pattern of Huaai 01 and mapped the gene controlling the dwarf trait. This dwarf mutant was found insensitive to exogenous gibberellic acid treatment, based on the length of the first leaf and the coleoptile at the seedling stage, suggesting that it plays a crucial role in the gibberellin response pathway.

Identification of UV-B-induced microRNAs in wheat

B. Wang, Sun, Y. F., Song, N., Wang, X. J., Feng, H., Huang, L. L., and Kang, Z. S., Identification of UV-B-induced microRNAs in wheat, vol. 12, pp. 4213-4221, 2013.

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play critical roles in post-transcriptional gene regulation and act as important endogenous regulators to various stressors. Ultraviolet-B (UV-B) radiation is a major factor influencing crop growth and development. In this study, we isolated a novel wheat miRNA, named Tae-miR6000, and confirmed its expression diversity after UV-B treatments. Additionally, using the Northern blotting technique, we found that six miRNAs were highly responsive to UV-B stress in wheat.

A novel SCAR marker for detecting Psathyrostachys huashanica Keng chromatin introduced in wheat

W. L. Du, Wang, J., Wang, L. M., Pang, Y. H., Wu, J., Zhao, J. X., Yang, Q. H., and Chen, X. H., A novel SCAR marker for detecting Psathyrostachys huashanica Keng chromatin introduced in wheat, vol. 12, pp. 4797-4806, 2013.

In this study, we cloned and sequenced a 938-base pair polymorphic band, pHs27, in the tightly linked random amplified polymorphic DNA marker OPU10 and converted it into a sequence-characterized amplified region (SCAR) marker referred to as RHS141, which was specific for the Ns genome of Psathyrostachys huashanica. A GenBank basic local alignment search tool search showed that the sequence of pHs27 had no primary sequence homology with known sequences, and Southern blotting confirmed this result.

Analysis of mitochondrial DNA using amplified fragment length polymorphism markers of isonuclear allocytoplasmic male sterile wheat accessions and their maintainer lines

M. Ejaz, Qidi, Z., Gaisheng, Z., Qunzhu, W., and Xinbo, Z., Analysis of mitochondrial DNA using amplified fragment length polymorphism markers of isonuclear allocytoplasmic male sterile wheat accessions and their maintainer lines, vol. 12, pp. 5207-5214, 2013.

To produce a good F1 hybrid variety wheat crop, it is necessary to explore novel cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) lines and their maintainer line. This study aimed to identify cytoplasmic variation in three isonuclear-alloplasmic male sterile lines Aegilops kotschyi (Ae.kots) -90-110, Aegilops ventricosa (Ae.ven) -90-110, and Triticum spelta (T.spelta) -90-110 and their maintainer line, A-90-110, at the molecular level.

Identification and characterization of conserved microRNAs and their target genes in wheat (Triticum aestivum)

Z. J. Yin and Shen, F. F., Identification and characterization of conserved microRNAs and their target genes in wheat (Triticum aestivum), vol. 9, pp. 1186-1196, 2010.

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are non-coding small RNAs that regulate gene expression by translational repression or transcript degradation. A large number of miRNAs have been identified from model plant species; however, the character of conserved miRNAs is poorly understood. We studied 42 miRNA families that are conserved within the plant kingdom, using the miRBase database. Some conserved miRNA families were found to be preferentially expressed in dicots relative to monocots, especially miR403, miR472 and miR479.

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