Sex differentiation

Changes in inflorescence protein during advanced stages of floret development in Buchloe dactyloides (Poaceae)

Y. - J. Zhou, Xue, J. - G., Wang, X. - G., and Zhang, X. - Q., Changes in inflorescence protein during advanced stages of floret development in Buchloe dactyloides (Poaceae), vol. 11, pp. 3923-3932, 2012.

Buffalograss, Buchloe dactyloides, is a dioecious species native to the Great Plains of North America. The florets at the early stages of development possess both gynoecium and androecium organ primordia but later become unisexual. Very little is known about the proteomic changes that occur when the florets change from hermaphroditism to unisexuality. We compared the protein composition of florets at the hermaphroditic stage with that at the unisexual stage. The development stage of the floret was determined by stereomicroscopic observation.

Gender identification of five genera of stingless bees (Apidae, Meliponini) based on wing morphology

T. M. Francoy, Silva, R. A. O., Nunes-Silva, P., Menezes, C., and Imperatriz-Fonseca, V. L., Gender identification of five genera of stingless bees (Apidae, Meliponini) based on wing morphology, vol. 8, pp. 207-214, 2009.

Currently, the identification of pollinators is a critical necessity of conservation programs. After it was found that features extracted from patterns of wing venation are sufficient to discriminate among insect species, various studies have focused on this structure. We examined wing venation patterns of males and workers of five stingless bee species in order to determine if there are differences between sexes and if these differences are greater within than between species.

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