Promoter

Association of IL-4 promoter polymorphisms with asthma: a meta-analysis

L. Tang, Lin, H. G., and Chen, B. F., “Association of IL-4 promoter polymorphisms with asthma: a meta-analysis”, vol. 13, pp. 1383-1394, 2014.

This study aimed to more precisely assess the correlation between interleukin-4 (IL-4) promoter polymorphisms and the susceptibility risk of asthma. We conducted association studies on IL-4 promoter C-33T, C-589T, and G-1098T polymorphisms with asthma using data obtained from MEDLINE up to September 2011. Results showed that the polymorphisms IL-4 C-33T and C-589T were significantly associated with asthma; however, significant associations were found only in the European population.

Evaluation of three different promoters driving gene expression in developing chicken embryo by using in vivo electroporation

C. Q. Yang, Li, X. Y., Li, Q., Fu, S. L., Li, H., Guo, Z. K., Lin, J. T., and Zhao, S. T., “Evaluation of three different promoters driving gene expression in developing chicken embryo by using in vivo electroporation”, vol. 13, pp. 1270-1277, 2014.

To investigate the variance of exogenous gene expression driven by different promoters by in vivo electroporation, 3 plasmid vectors carrying different promoters were selected, and their driving strength was compared in developing chicken embryos. The 3 promoters included: 1) the CAG promoter (containing the cytomegalovirus (CMV) immediate early enhancer and the chicken β-actin promoter), 2) the CMV promoter (the human CMV immediate early region enhancer), and 3) the SV40 promoter (Simian virus 40).

Identification and analysis of a 5-bp indel of a porcine BMP7 gene promoter

P. Lu, Feng, X., Zhou, J. S., Liu, X. B., Chen, Q. X., and Li, M., “Identification and analysis of a 5-bp indel of a porcine BMP7 gene promoter”, vol. 13, pp. 4326-4335, 2014.

Bone morphological protein7 (BMP7), a member of the transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) family, was first identified because of its ability to induce ectopic chondro-osteogenesis in vivo. It also plays a crucial role in the growth, development, and physiological functioning of the reproductive system. Among intra-ovarian growth factors, many studies have shown that BMP7 plays a pivotal role in regulating the early phases of follicular growth.

Characterization of a rice germin-like protein gene promoter

T. Mahmood, Yasmin, T., Haque, M. I., and Naqvi, S. M. S., “Characterization of a rice germin-like protein gene promoter”, vol. 12. pp. 360-369, 2013.

Germin and germin-like proteins (GLPs) are water-soluble extracellular proteins that are expressed in response to specific environmental and developmental signals. Although some enzymatic activities have also been associated with germin/GLPs, their role in overall metabolism is not fully understood. However, insight into their function may be gained by analysis of their promoter. The present study was designed to analyze the functional importance of a root-expressed Oryza sativa GLP gene promoter (OsRGLP2).

Molecular cloning and characterization of GbDXS and GbGGPPS gene promoters from Ginkgo biloba

F. Xu, Huang, X. H., Li, L. L., Deng, G., Cheng, H., Rong, X. F., Li, J. B., and Cheng, S. Y., “Molecular cloning and characterization of GbDXS and GbGGPPS gene promoters from Ginkgo biloba”, vol. 12. pp. 293-301, 2013.

Ginkgolides are key pharmaceutical components in Ginkgo biloba leaves. 1-Deoxy-D-xylulose-5-phosphate synthase (GbDXS) and geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate (GbGGPPS) genes are critical genes involved in ginkgolide biosynthesis. In this study, the promoters of GbDXS and GGPPS, with 676 and 570 bp in length, respectively, were cloned by chromosome walking. The cis-elements of GbDXS and GbGGPPS promoters were predicted and analyzed by the plant cis-acting regulatory element (CARE) database.

Comparative analysis of myostatin gene and promoter sequences of Qinchuan and Red Angus cattle

Y. L. He, Wu, Y. H., Quan, F. S., Liu, Y. G., and Zhang, Y., “Comparative analysis of myostatin gene and promoter sequences of Qinchuan and Red Angus cattle”, vol. 12, pp. 3398-3406, 2013.

To better understand the function of the myostatin gene and its promoter region in bovine, we amplified and sequenced the myostatin gene and promoter from the blood of Qinchuan and Red Angus cattle by using polymerase chain reaction. The sequences of Qinchuan and Red Angus cattle were compared with those of other cattle breeds available in GenBank. Exon splice sites were confirmed by mRNA sequencing. Compared to the published sequence (GenBank accession No.

Molecular cloning, polymorphisms, and association analysis of the promoter region of the STAM2 gene in Wuchuan Black cattle

Y. - Q. Yang, Hui, Y. - T., Liu, R. - Y., Jiao, R. - G., Gong, Y., Zhang, Y. - Y., and Xie, H. - Q., “Molecular cloning, polymorphisms, and association analysis of the promoter region of the STAM2 gene in Wuchuan Black cattle”, vol. 12, pp. 3651-3661, 2013.

The STAM protein plays an important role in the cytokine-related JAK/STAT pathway. We selected the STAM2 gene as a candidate gene that could be linked to growth performance in analysis of a Chinese cattle breed (Wuchuan Black cattle). We examined genetic variants in the promoter region of the STAM2 gene and their associations with eight growth traits in 159 individuals. Seven SNPs, which included six new SNPs for the SNP database, were found. The core promoter region was identified with a bioinformatic software.

Influence of the human MIF promoter polymorphism on hepatocellular carcinoma prognosis

T. Yuan, Tang, C., Chen, M., Deng, S., and Chen, P., “Influence of the human MIF promoter polymorphism on hepatocellular carcinoma prognosis”, vol. 12, pp. 6629-6635, 2013.

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common worldwide malignancies. A relative complete diagnosis system for primary carcinoma of liver has already been established, but the surgical prognosis for HCC, which depends mainly on postoperative pathological classification and data of recurrence and metastasis, lacks valid experimental indicators. Macrophage migration inhibition factor (MIF) is related to many cancers; hence, the polymorphism of MIF genes may be associated with the surgical prognosis of HCC.

Isolation and characterization of the organ-specific and light-inducible promoter of the gene encoding rubisco activase in potato (Solanum tuberosum)

D. Qu, Song, Y., Li, W. M., Pei, X. W., Wang, Z. X., Jia, S. R., and Zhang, Y. Q., “Isolation and characterization of the organ-specific and light-inducible promoter of the gene encoding rubisco activase in potato (Solanum tuberosum)”, vol. 10, pp. 621-631, 2011.

Constitutive promoters have been widely used in crop biotechnology applications. Tissue-specific or inducible promoters, however, have advantages in some cases. We isolated the 731-bp 5' flanking sequence of a potato (Solanum tuberosum) gene, encoding ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (rubisco) activase (RCA), which was isolated by genome walking.

Association of HLA-DRB alleles and pulmonary tuberculosis in North Chinese patients

G. L. Shi, Hu, X. L., Yang, L., Rong, C. L., Guo, Y. L., and Song, C. X., “Association of HLA-DRB alleles and pulmonary tuberculosis in North Chinese patients”, vol. 10, pp. 1331-1336, 2011.

Human leukocyte antigen (HLA) plays a central role in the regulation of the immune response. HLA class II molecules are essential for T cell-mediated adaptive immunity and present peptide antigens to CD4+ T cells. Because of its important role in the immune response and its high degree of polymorphism, the HLA system is associated with many diseases.

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