Pollen viability

Implications of mitotic and meiotic irregularities in common beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)

D. C. Lima, Braz, G. T., Reis, G. Bdos, Techio, V. H., Davide, L. C., A. Abreu, deF. B., Lima, D. C., Braz, G. T., Reis, G. Bdos, Techio, V. H., Davide, L. C., and A. Abreu, deF. B., “Implications of mitotic and meiotic irregularities in common beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)”, vol. 15, p. -, 2016.

The common bean has great social and economic importance in Brazil and is the subject of a high number of publications, especially in the fields of genetics and breeding. Breeding programs aim to increase grain yield; however, mitosis and meiosis represent under explored research areas that have a direct impact on grain yield. Therefore, the study of cell division could be another tool available to bean geneticists and breeders. The aim of this study was to investigate irregularities occurring during the cell cycle and meiosis in common bean.

New hybrids from peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) and synthetic amphidiploid crosses show promise in increasing pest and disease tolerance

A. P. Fávero, Pádua, J. G., Costa, T. S., Gimenes, M. A., Godoy, I. J., Moretzsohn, M. C., and Michelotto, M. D., “New hybrids from peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) and synthetic amphidiploid crosses show promise in increasing pest and disease tolerance”, vol. 14, pp. 16694-16703, 2015.

The primary gene pool of the cultivated peanut (Arachis hypogaea L., allotetraploid AABB) is very narrow for some important characteristics, such as resistance to pests and diseases. However, the Arachis wild diploid species, particularly those from the section Arachis, still have these characteristics. To improve peanut crops, genes from the wild species can be introgressed by backcrossing the hybrids with A. hypogaea. When diploid species whose genomes are similar to those of the cultivated peanut are crossed, sterile hybrids result.

Backcrossing to increase meiotic stability in triticale

R. M. Giacomin, Assis, R., Brammer, S. P., A. Junior, N., and Da-Silva, P. R., “Backcrossing to increase meiotic stability in triticale”, vol. 14, pp. 11271-11280, 2015.

Triticale (X Triticosecale Wittmack) is an intergeneric hybrid derived from a cross between wheat and rye. As a newly created allopolyploid, the plant shows instabilities during the meiotic process, which may result in the loss of fertility. This genomic instability has hindered the success of triticale-breeding programs. Therefore, strategies should be developed to obtain stable triticale lines for use in breeding. In some species, backcrossing has been effective in increasing the meiotic stability of lineages.

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