MAPK

FGF4 and HGF promote differentiation of mouse bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells into hepatocytes via the MAPK pathway

T. Lu, Yang, C., Sun, H., Lv, J., Zhang, F., and Dong, X. J., FGF4 and HGF promote differentiation of mouse bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells into hepatocytes via the MAPK pathway, vol. 13, pp. 415-424, 2014.

Our research demonstrated the potential for mouse bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (mBMMSCs) to differentiate into hepatocytes in vitro and in vivo. However, the exact mechanism of this process remains unknown. In this study, we investigated the role of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cell-signaling pathway in the differentiation of mBMMSCs into hepatocytes.

Analysis of the BRAF V600E mutation in primary cutaneous melanoma

J. S. S. Inumaru, Gordo, K. I. F., Junior, A. C. Fraga, Silva, A. M. T. C., Leal, C. B. Q. S., Ayres, F. M., Wastowski, I. J., Borges, N. F., and Saddi, V. A., Analysis of the BRAF V600E mutation in primary cutaneous melanoma, vol. 13, pp. 2840-2848, 2014.

BRAF V600E is the most common mutation in cutaneous melanomas, and has been described in 30-72% of such cases. This mutation results in the substitution of valine for glutamic acid at position 600 of the BRAF protein, which consequently becomes constitutively activated. The present study investigated the BRAF V600E mutation frequency and its clinical implications in a group of 77 primary cutaneous melanoma patients treated in a cancer reference center in Brazil.

Effects of acrylonitrile on lymphocyte lipid rafts and RAS/RAF/MAPK/ERK signaling pathways

X. J. Li, Li, B., Huang, J. S., Shi, J. M., Wang, P., Fan, W., and Zhou, Y. L., Effects of acrylonitrile on lymphocyte lipid rafts and RAS/RAF/MAPK/ERK signaling pathways, vol. 13, pp. 7747-7756, 2014.

Acrylonitrile (ACN) is a widely used chemical in the production of plastics, resins, nitriles, acrylic fibers, and synthetic rubber. Previous epidemiological investigations and animal studies have confirmed that ACN affects the lymphocytes and spleen. However, the immune toxicity mechanism is unknown. Lipid rafts are cell membrane structures that are rich in cholesterol and involved in cell signal transduction. The B cell lymophoma-10 (Bcl10) protein is a joint protein that is important in lymphocyte development and signal pathways.

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