Genetic diversity

Functional molecular markers (EST-SSR) in the full-sib reciprocal recurrent selection program of maize (Zea mays L.)

K. S. C. Galvão, Ramos, H. C. C., Santos, P. H. A. D., Entringer, G. C., Vettorazzi, J. C. F., and Pereira, M. G., Functional molecular markers (EST-SSR) in the full-sib reciprocal recurrent selection program of maize (Zea mays L.), vol. 14, pp. 7344-7355, 2015.

This study aimed to improve grain yield in the full-sib reciprocal recurrent selection program of maize from the North Flumi­nense State University. In the current phase of the program, the goal is to maintain, or even increase, the genetic variability within and among populations, in order to increase heterosis of the 13th cycle of reciprocal recurrent selection. Microsatellite expressed sequence tags (EST-SSRs) were used as a tool to assist the maximization step of genetic variability, targeting the functional genome.

Genetic diversity in intraspecific hybrid populations of Eucommia ulmoides Oliver evaluated from ISSR and SRAP molecular marker analysis

J. Yu, Wang, Y., Ru, M., Peng, L., and Liang, Z. S., Genetic diversity in intraspecific hybrid populations of Eucommia ulmoides Oliver evaluated from ISSR and SRAP molecular marker analysis, vol. 14, pp. 7417-7425, 2015.

Eucommia ulmoides Oliver, the only extant species of Eucommiaceae, is a second-category state-protected endangered plant in China. Evaluation of genetic diversity among some intraspecific hybrid populations of E. ulmoides Oliver is vital for breeding programs and further conservation of this rare species. We studied the genetic diversity of 130 accessions from 13 E. ulmoides intraspecific hybrid populations using inter-simple sequence related (ISSR) and sequence-related amplified polymorphism (SRAP) markers.

Genetic diversity, population structure, and association mapping of agronomic traits in waxy and normal maize inbred lines

K. J. Sa, Park, J. Y., Choi, S. H., Kim, B. W., Park, K. J., and Lee, J. K., Genetic diversity, population structure, and association mapping of agronomic traits in waxy and normal maize inbred lines, vol. 14, pp. 7502-7518, 2015.

Understanding genetic diversity, population structure, and linkage disequilibrium is a prerequisite for the association mapping of complex traits in a target population. In this study, the genetic diversity and population structure of 40 waxy and 40 normal inbred maize lines were investigated using 10 morphological traits and 200 simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers. Based on a population structure analysis, the 80 maize inbred lines were divided into three groups: I, II, and admixed.

Genetic diversity of the endemic flat-needle pine Pinus krempfii (Pinaceae) from Vietnam revealed by SSR markers

D. T. Phong, Lieu, T. T., Hien, V. T. T., and Hiep, N. T., Genetic diversity of the endemic flat-needle pine Pinus krempfii (Pinaceae) from Vietnam revealed by SSR markers, vol. 14, pp. 7727-7739, 2015.

Pinus krempfii Lecomte (Pinaceae) is an endemic tree to Vietnam with restricted habitats at higher altitudes in the highlands. In this study, genetic variation of four populations of P. krempfii was assessed using 17 microsatellite markers (single sequence repeats). Of these 17 markers, eight were polymorphic, and among the 42 putative alleles amplified, 32 were polymorphic (accounting for 76.19%).

Development of novel chloroplast microsatellite markers for Ginkgo biloba

M. Xu, Xu, L. A., Cao, F. L., Zhang, H. J., and Yu, F. X., Development of novel chloroplast microsatellite markers for Ginkgo biloba, vol. 14, pp. 7715-7720, 2015.

Ginkgo biloba is considered to be a living fossil that can be used to understand the ancient evolutionary history of gymnosperms, but little attention has been given to the study of its population genetics, molecular phylogeography, and genetic resources assessment. Chloro­plast simple sequence repeat (cpSSR) markers are powerful tools for genetic studies of plants. In this study, a total of 30 perfect cpSSRs of Ginkgo were identified and characterized, including di-, tri, tetra-, penta-, and hexanucleotide repeats.

Genetic diversity in Tunisian populations of faba bean (Vicia faba L.) based on morphological traits and molecular markers

I. Z. Backouchi, Aouida, M., Khemiri, N., and Jebara, M., Genetic diversity in Tunisian populations of faba bean (Vicia faba L.) based on morphological traits and molecular markers, vol. 14, pp. 7587-7596, 2015.

Genetic diversity within Vicia faba L. is key to the ge­netic improvement of this important species. In this study, morphologi­cal traits and RAPD molecular markers were used to assess the levels of polymorphism across 12 Tunisian populations, three major and nine minor from different locations. Analysis of morphological traits indi­cated that the three major populations showed significant differences and the nine minor populations exhibited considerable variation for most traits. The grain yield of the Alia population could be increased by inoculation.

Genetic diversity analysis of tree peony germplasm using iPBS markers

Y. B. Duan, Guo, D. L., Guo, L. L., Wei, D. F., and Hou, X. G., Genetic diversity analysis of tree peony germplasm using iPBS markers, vol. 14, pp. 7556-7566, 2015.

We examined the genetic diversity of 10 wild species (populations) and 55 varieties of tree peony using inter-primer binding site (iPBS) markers. From a total of 36 iPBS primers, 16 were selected based on polymorphic amplification. The number of bands amplified by each primer ranged from 9 to 19, with an average of 12.88 bands per primer. The length of bands ranged from 100 to 2000 bp, concentrated at 200 to 1800 bp. Sixteen primers amplified 206 bands in total, of which 173 bands were polymorphic with a polymorphism ratio of 83.98%.

Rapid development of polymorphic microsatellite markers for the Amur sturgeon (Acipenser schrenckii) using next-generation sequencing technology

L. M. Li, Wei, L., Jiang, H. Y., Zhang, Y., Zhang, X. J., Yuan, L. H., and Chen, J. P., Rapid development of polymorphic microsatellite markers for the Amur sturgeon (Acipenser schrenckii) using next-generation sequencing technology, vol. 14, pp. 7910-7913, 2015.

Anthropogenic activities have seriously impacted wild resources of the Amur sturgeon, Acipenser schrenckii, and more infor­mation on local and regional population genetic structure is required to aid the conservation of this species. In this study, we report the develop­ment of 12 novel polymorphic microsatellite loci using next-generation sequencing technology, and the genotyping of 24 individuals collected from a sturgeon farm. The results show that the mean number of ob­served alleles per locus is 6.6 (ranging from 2 to 17).

Genetic structure and genetic diversity of single-variety Lonicera macranthoides populations in China, as indicated by SCoT markers

D. X. Chen, Li, L. Y., Zhang, X., and Wang, Y., Genetic structure and genetic diversity of single-variety Lonicera macranthoides populations in China, as indicated by SCoT markers, vol. 14, pp. 8058-8067, 2015.

Lonicera macranthoides is an important traditional Chinese herb. The lack of information regarding the genetic structure and genetic relationships among its cultivars has hindered the conservation and utilization of this resource. This study used start codon targeted markers to assess the genetic diversity and other genetic characteristics of five single-variety L. macranthoides populations in China. Using 22 primers produced a total of 266 bands, of which 227 were polymorphic, indicating a high level of polymorphism.

Genetic diversity of wild Prunus cerasifera Ehrhart (wild cherry plum) in China revealed by simple-sequence repeat markers

Y. Zhao, Li, Y., Liu, Y., and Yang, Y. F., Genetic diversity of wild Prunus cerasifera Ehrhart (wild cherry plum) in China revealed by simple-sequence repeat markers, vol. 14, pp. 8407-8413, 2015.

Simple-sequence repeat (SSR) markers were employed to assess the genetic diversity of wild Prunus cerasifera Ehrhart (wild cherry plum) in China. Fourteen SSR primer pairs generated a total of 94 alleles (90 were polymorphic, accounting for 95.74%), with a mean of 6.71 alleles per locus. The number of alleles detected at each locus ranged from 2 at BPPCT 028 to 13 at BPPCT 002, with an average of 6.71 alleles per locus.

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