Diabetes mellitus

Correlation between the decrease of cholesterol efflux from macrophages in patients with type II diabetes mellitus and down-regulated CYP7A1 expression

L. D. Bao, Li, C. Q., Peng, R., Ren, X. H., Ma, R. L., Wang, Y., and Lv, H. J., “Correlation between the decrease of cholesterol efflux from macrophages in patients with type II diabetes mellitus and down-regulated CYP7A1 expression”, vol. 14, pp. 8716-8724, 2015.

The purpose of this study was to examine the changes of cellular cholesterol efflux from macrophages in patients with type II diabetes mellitus (DM), and to determine the expression of CYP7A1, ABCG5, and LXRβ therein. We recruited 30 patients with type II DM (including 15 patients complicated with coronary heart disease and 15 patients with DM only) and 15 normal controls for this study. Peripheral blood monocytes were isolated for macrophage culture.

Association between the rs4753426 polymorphism in MTNR1B with fasting plasma glucose level and pancreatic β-cell function in gestational diabetes mellitus

Y. Zhan, Li, C., Gao, Q., Chen, J., Yu, S., and Liu, S. G., “Association between the rs4753426 polymorphism in MTNR1B with fasting plasma glucose level and pancreatic β-cell function in gestational diabetes mellitus”, vol. 14, pp. 8778-8785, 2015.

We investigated the association between rs4753426 single nucleotide polymorphisms in the melatonin receptor 1B (MTNR1B) gene and the risk of developing gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). A total of 516 gravidas (186 with GDM and 330 non-diabetic controls) were enrolled in the study. Genotype and allele frequencies of rs4753426 in the MTNR1B gene were detected by DNA sequencing. Fasting plasma glucose and fasting insulin levels were measured to calculate the homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and for β-cell function.

MicroRNA profiling in cutaneous wounds of diabetic rats

Y. - F. Liu, Ding, M., Liu, D. - W., Liu, Y., Mao, Y. - G., and Peng, Y., “MicroRNA profiling in cutaneous wounds of diabetic rats”, vol. 14, pp. 9614-9625, 2015.

Despite years of effort, current therapies for diabetic wounds are still not fully efficacious. Emerging evidence has suggested that microRNAs (miRNAs) play key roles in multiple physiological and pathological processes in eukaryotes, and could potentially be powerful therapeutic tools. This study investigated the differential expression profiling of miRNAs in cutaneous wounds in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats and normal rats, and its significance in diabetic wound healing.

Relationship between serum GAD-Ab and the genetic polymorphisms of GAD2 and type 2 diabetes mellitus

Q. Li, Qiao, Z. R., Liu, D. B., Zeng, J. T., Zhang, J., Bo, Y., Zu, H. Y., Hu, Q., Wu, X., and Dong, S. S., “Relationship between serum GAD-Ab and the genetic polymorphisms of GAD2 and type 2 diabetes mellitus”, vol. 14, pp. 3002-3009, 2015.

In this study, we investigated the relationship between serum glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD) autoantibody (Ab) levels and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the glutamic acid de­carboxylase 2 (GAD2) 5'-untranslated region and the susceptibility to type 2 diabetes in the Han population. The distributions of patients with SNPs in the GAD2 5'-untranslated region (rs2236418, rs185649317, and rs8190590) and type 2 diabetes and that of the healthy group were genotyped and analyzed using Sequenom MassArray SNP genotyp­ing. GAD-Ab levels were also detected.

Expression of high-mobility group box protein 1 in diabetic foot atherogenesis

C. F. Tsao, Huang, W. T., Liu, T. T., Wang, P. W., Liou, C. W., Lin, T. K., Hsieh, C. J., and Weng, S. W., “Expression of high-mobility group box protein 1 in diabetic foot atherogenesis”, vol. 14, pp. 4521-4531, 2015.

The role of high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) has been demonstrated in stroke and coronary artery disease but not in peripheral arterial occlusive disease (PAOD). The pathogenesis of HMGB1 in acute and chronic vascular injury is also not well understood. We hypothesized that HMGB1 induces inflammatory markers in diabetic PAOD patients. We studied 36 diabetic patients, including 29 patients with PAOD, who had undergone amputation for diabetic foot and 7 nondiabetic patients who had undergone amputation after traumatic injury.

Racial disparities in the association between diabetes mellitus-associated polymorphic locus rs4430796 of the HNF1βgene and prostate cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Y. Z. Xiang, Jiang, S. B., Zhao, J., Xiong, H., Cui, Z. L., Li, G. B., and Jin, X. B., “Racial disparities in the association between diabetes mellitus-associated polymorphic locus rs4430796 of the HNF1βgene and prostate cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis”, vol. 13, pp. 6582-6592, 2014.

Polymorphism 17q12 rs4430796 within HNF1βis a genetic variant associated with both diabetes mellitus and prostate cancer, but findings on the correlations of rs4430796 with prostate cancer risk specifically are not in agreement, especially among diverse populations. To shed some light on the contradictory findings, therefore, we carried out a meta-analysis by pooling the odds ratios (ORs) with corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of all currently available case-control studies located within PubMed and Embase databases up to December 2012.

Prognostic and assessment value of hyperglycemia and glycosylated hemoglobin in critical patients

Z. L. Zhang, Che, X. M., Bai, Z. H., Bu, W. J., Bai, L., and Pei, H. H., “Prognostic and assessment value of hyperglycemia and glycosylated hemoglobin in critical patients”, vol. 13, pp. 7006-7012, 2014.

Hyperglycemia is common in critical patients and high blood glucose levels have a negative effect on their prognosis. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of hyperglycemia and glycosylated hemoglobin (GHb) in critical patients. A total of 648 critical patients were enrolled in the study and received a random blood glucose test when they entered the emergency department. If blood glucose was more than 11.1 mM, a GHb test was followed within 24 h. All patients were followed up for 28 days.

Improved gastric emptying in diabetic rats by irbesartan via decreased serum leptin and ameliorated gastric microcirculation

L. He, Sun, Y., Zhu, Y., Ren, R., Zhang, Y., and Wang, F., “Improved gastric emptying in diabetic rats by irbesartan via decreased serum leptin and ameliorated gastric microcirculation”, vol. 13, pp. 7163-7172, 2014.

Diabetic gastroparesis (DG) is a common clinical complication of diabetes mellitus. Leptin may cause delayed gastric emptying in the central and peripheral pathways. Microcirculatory disturbances in the stomach make gastric smooth muscles and nerves hypoxic-ischemic, thereby impairing gastric motility. Irbesartan is an angiotensin II (ATII) receptor blocker that indirectly decreases serum leptin levels and improves blood vessel endothelia.

RT-qPCR assay on the vitamin D receptor gene in type 2 diabetes and hypertension patients in Turkey

H. C. Vural and Maltas, E., “RT-qPCR assay on the vitamin D receptor gene in type 2 diabetes and hypertension patients in Turkey”, vol. 11, pp. 582-590, 2012.

RT-qPCR was used to analyze the vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene TaqI polymorphism in 100 Turkish patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and hypertension compared with 100 healthy subjects, to determine whether VDR could be considered as one of the susceptibility genes for T2DM and hypertension. Genotyping was done with PCR, followed by melting curve analysis with specific fluorescent hybridization probes. The results showed that distributions for TT, Tt and tt genotypes were 51, 46 and 3% in the patient group, and 35, 49 and 16% in the control group, respectively.

Cox-2 gene polymorphism and IL-6 levels in coronary artery disease

K. K. Ol, Agachan, B., Gormus, U., Toptas, B., and Isbir, T., “Cox-2 gene polymorphism and IL-6 levels in coronary artery disease”, vol. 10, pp. 810-816, 2011.

Coronary artery disease is one of the leading causes of mortality and diabetes mellitus is one of its main risk factors due to microvascular and macrovascular complications, such as atherosclerosis. Atherosclerosis is now known to be an inflammatory process mediated by prostaglandins and several interleukins. As both are important in inflammatory processes, we examined Cox-2 (-765G > C) polymorphism and interleukin-6 levels in coronary artery disease patients compared to healthy controls.

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