Cytokines

Cross-reactivity of anti-human cytokine monoclonal antibodies used as a tool to identify novel immunological biomarkers in domestic ruminants

E. M. S. Dorneles, Araújo, M. S. S., Teixeira-Carvalho, A., Martins-Filho, O. A., and Lage, A. P., “Cross-reactivity of anti-human cytokine monoclonal antibodies used as a tool to identify novel immunological biomarkers in domestic ruminants”, vol. 14, pp. 940-951, 2015.

Eleven commercially available PE-labeled anti-human (IL-1-α, IL-6, IL-8, TNF-α, IL-17A, IL-5, IL-10, IL-12 and IL-13) and anti-mouse (IL-10, TNF-α) cytokine monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) were tested for cross-reactivity with cattle, goat, and sheep cytokines. Cross-reactivity was assessed by comparative analysis with the standard reactivity of the target species. Our data demonstrated that anti-human IL-1-α, IL-6, IL-8, IL-17A and IL-10 mAbs cross-react with all ruminant species tested.

Effects of silver nanoparticles and gold nanoparticles on IL-2, IL-6, and TNF-α production via MAPK pathway in leukemic cell lines

C. Parnsamut and Brimson, S., “Effects of silver nanoparticles and gold nanoparticles on IL-2, IL-6, and TNF-α production via MAPK pathway in leukemic cell lines”, vol. 14, pp. 3650-3668, 2015.

Silver nanopaticles (AgNPs) and gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) have various applications in medical healthcare and various biological properties such as anti-inflammation, anti-cancer, and anti-angiogenesis. In this study, we investigated the effect of AgNPs and AuNPs on cytokine production via the mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway in leukemic cell lines (T-lymphocytic Jurkat and monocytic U937 cells). We found that both AgNPs and AuNPs inhibited cell proliferation of leukemic cell lines.

FGF4 and HGF promote differentiation of mouse bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells into hepatocytes via the MAPK pathway

T. Lu, Yang, C., Sun, H., Lv, J., Zhang, F., and Dong, X. J., “FGF4 and HGF promote differentiation of mouse bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells into hepatocytes via the MAPK pathway”, vol. 13, pp. 415-424, 2014.

Our research demonstrated the potential for mouse bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (mBMMSCs) to differentiate into hepatocytes in vitro and in vivo. However, the exact mechanism of this process remains unknown. In this study, we investigated the role of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cell-signaling pathway in the differentiation of mBMMSCs into hepatocytes.

Evolution of CD4+CD25hi T cell subsets in Aspergillus-infected liver transplantation recipients reduces the incidence of transplantation rejection via upregulating the production of anti-inflammatory cytokines

T. Xing, Zhong, L., Qiu, G., Huang, L., and Peng, Z., “Evolution of CD4+CD25hi T cell subsets in Aspergillus-infected liver transplantation recipients reduces the incidence of transplantation rejection via upregulating the production of anti-inflammatory cytokines”, vol. 13, pp. 4932-4939, 2014.

Infection is the leading risk factor of liver transplantation-related death. Aspergillosis is a life-threatening complication in immune-compromised patients, and is the cause of approximately 2/3 of deaths in liver transplant recipients. In our previous studies, we found a regulatory T cell (Treg) population that showed significantly increased immune tolerance in Aspergillus-infected liver transplant recipients. Furthermore, interleukin (IL)-17 production was also increased, and an IL-17-producing Treg cell subset was identified in these patients.

Roles of GILZ in protein metabolism of L6 muscle cells exposed to serum from septic rats

J. Xiong, Xu, L., Qu, W. M., Li, Z. L., Shang, Z. H., Li, Y. H., Yang, S. H., and Yang, Z. H., “Roles of GILZ in protein metabolism of L6 muscle cells exposed to serum from septic rats”, vol. 13, pp. 8209-8219, 2014.

Sepsis is a complex inflammatory response to infection, associating with dramatic metabolic disorders. Although the mechanisms of immune response during sepsis have been largely clarified, current studies rarely pay attention to the disordered protein metabolism in sepsis. In this study, L6 rat skeletal muscle cells treated with serum from septic rats were used as an in vitro model for sepsis-like condition in skeletal muscle.

Expression of IL-1, IL-6, TNF-α, and iNOS in pregnant women with periodontal disease

C. C. M. Otenio, Fonseca, I., Martins, M. F., Ribeiro, L. C., Assis, N. M. S. P., Ferreira, A. P., and Ribeiro, R. A., “Expression of IL-1, IL-6, TNF-α, and iNOS in pregnant women with periodontal disease”, vol. 11, pp. 4468-4478, 2012.

Periodontal disease is one of the most prevalent oral diseases. An association between this disease and pregnancy has been suggested, but available findings are controversial. We evaluated the expression levels of interleukins (IL-1β and IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in pregnant women with and without periodontal disease in comparison with non-pregnant women with and without periodontal disease since studies have suggested a relationship between periodontitis and the expression levels of these genes.

Transient increase in IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α gene expression in rat liver exposed to gold nanoparticles

H. A. Khan, Abdelhalim, M. A. K., Alhomida, A. S., and Ayed, M. S. Al, “Transient increase in IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α gene expression in rat liver exposed to gold nanoparticles”, vol. 12. pp. 5851-5857, 2013.

Most studies have used in vitro systems to test inflammatory responses of nanoparticles; these may not reflect the real biological response of body organs. In fact, certain nanoparticles have provoked opposite effects under in vitro and in vivo conditions. Current understanding of the biocompatibility of gold nanoparticles is controversial. We studied the acute (1 day) and sub-chronic (5 days) effects of gold nanoparticles (10 and 50 nm in diameter) on expression of interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β), IL-6 and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) in rat liver.

Effect of erythropoietin on mesenchymal stem cell differentiation and secretion in vitro in an acute kidney injury microenvironment

N. M. Liu, Tian, J., Wang, W. W., Han, G. F., Cheng, J., Huang, J., and Zhang, J. Y., “Effect of erythropoietin on mesenchymal stem cell differentiation and secretion in vitro in an acute kidney injury microenvironment”, vol. 12, pp. 6477-6487, 2013.

We investigated the effect of erythropoietin (EPO) on differentiation and secretion of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells in an acute kidney injury microenvironment. Acute kidney injury mouse models were prepared. Both renal cortices were then immediately collected to produce the ischemia/reperfusion kidney homogenate supernatant. The morphological and ultrastructural changes in the cells were observed using an inverted microscope and a transmission electron microscope. Cytokeratin-18 was detected using flow cytometry.

Heterologous protein production and delivery systems for Lactococcus lactis

S. Nouaille, Ribeiro, L. A., Miyoshi, A., Pontes, D., Le Loir, Y., Oliveira, S. Costa, Oliveira, S. Costa, Langella, P., and Azevedo, V., “Heterologous protein production and delivery systems for Lactococcus lactis”, vol. 2. pp. 102-111, 2003.

Lactic acid bacteria (LAB), widely used in the food industry, are present in the intestine of most animals, including humans. The potential use of these bacteria as live vehicles for the production and delivery of heterologous proteins of vaccinal, medical or technological interest has therefore been extensively investigated. Lactococcus lactis, a LAB species, is a potential candidate for the production of biologically useful proteins.

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