Cow

Methylation analysis of CXCR1 in mammary gland tissue of cows with mastitis induced by Staphylococcus aureus

Y. J. Mao, Zhu, X. R., Li, R., Chen, D., Xin, S. Y., Zhu, Y. H., Liao, X. X., Wang, X. L., Zhang, H. M., Yang, Z. P., and Yang, L. G., “Methylation analysis of CXCR1 in mammary gland tissue of cows with mastitis induced by Staphylococcus aureus”, vol. 14, pp. 12606-12615, 2015.

Mastitis is the most important disease in the global dairy industry, and causes large economic losses. Staphylococcus aureus is one of most common pathogens that cause bovine mastitis. CXCR1 has been implicated as a prospective genetic marker for mastitis resistance in dairy cows; CXCR1 expression significantly increases when cows have mastitis.

Effect of phytosterols on rumen fermentation in vitro

Y. M. Xi, Jin, Z. H., Lin, L. J., and Han, Z. Y., “Effect of phytosterols on rumen fermentation in vitro”, vol. 13, pp. 3869-3875, 2014.

We investigated the effect of phytosterols on rumen fermentation in vitro using gas syringes as incubators. Phytosterols were dissolved in ethyl acetate (8.3%) and added at various concentrations to the common diet in rumen fluid. In vitro gas production (GP) was recorded after 3, 6, 12, 18, and 24 h incubation. Incubation was stopped at 6, 12, and 24 h and the inoculants were then tested for pH, dry matter digestibility (DMD), microbial protein yield (MCP), lactic acid, NH3-N, and volatile fatty acids (VFAs).

Novel splice variants of the bovine PCK1 gene

Z. B. Zhang, Zhang, W., Li, R. L., Li, J. B., Zhong, J. F., Zhao, Z. S., and Huang, J. M., “Novel splice variants of the bovine PCK1 gene”, vol. 12, pp. 4028-4035, 2013.

Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase 1 (PCK1), also named PEPCK-C, is a multiple-function gene that is involved in gluconeogenesis, glyceroneogenesis, reproduction, female fertility, and development of obesity and diabetes. How its many functions are regulated was largely unknown. Therefore, we investigated mRNA expression and possible splice variants of PCK1 by screening cDNA in nine tissues from Holstein bulls and cows.

Aberrant promoter methylation of the CD4 gene in peripheral blood cells of mastitic dairy cows

X. S. Wang, Zhang, Y., He, Y. H., Ma, P. P., Fan, L. J., Wang, Y. C., Zhang, Y. I., Sun, D. X., Zhang, S. L., Wang, C. D., Song, J. Z., and Yu, Y., “Aberrant promoter methylation of the CD4 gene in peripheral blood cells of mastitic dairy cows”, vol. 12, pp. 6228-6239, 2013.

Bovine mastitis is the most common and costly disease of dairy cattle. Cluster of differentiation 4 (CD4) is closely related to the immune response in mastitis. We quantified promoter CpG methylation levels of the CD4 gene in Chinese Holsteins with clinical mastitis (CM) and in healthy controls; these levels were quantitatively detected with bisulfite pyrosequencing assays and confirmed by cloning sequencing. We found that the bovine CD4 promoter had 16% more methyl groups in the cows with CM (75.0 ± 5.8%) compared to the controls (59.0 ± 8.5%).

Report of a chimeric origin of transposable elements in a bovine-coding gene

L. M. Almeida, Amaral, M. E. J., Silva, I. T., Silva, Jr., W. A., Riggs, P. K., and Carareto, C. M., “Report of a chimeric origin of transposable elements in a bovine-coding gene”, vol. 7, pp. 107-116, 2008.

Despite the wide distribution of transposable elements (TEs) in mammalian genomes, part of their evolutionary significance remains to be discovered. Today there is a substantial amount of evidence showing that TEs are involved in the generation of new exons in different species. In the present study, we searched 22,805 genes and reported the occurrence of TE-cassettes in coding sequences of 542 cow genes using the RepeatMasker program.

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