Cattle

Identification of a DNA methylation point in the promoter region of the bovine CYP21 gene

A. M. da Silva, de Freitas, M. A. R., Rios, A. F. L., Renzi, A., Lôbo, R. B., Galerani, M. A. V., Vila, R. A., and Ramos, E. S., “Identification of a DNA methylation point in the promoter region of the bovine CYP21 gene”, vol. 10. pp. 1409-1415, 2011.

The CYP21 (steroid 21-hydroxylase) gene is involved in the synthesis of steroid hormones. Bov-A2 is a retroposon that is common in ruminant genomes. The promoter region of bovine CYP21 contains a short interspersed nucleotide element of Bov-A2, which overlaps a putative Sp1 binding site. We looked for RFLP/HpaII polymorphism in the Bov-A2 element in bovine Zebu breeds by PCR-RFLP, and examined whether polymorphism in this element is associated with methylation.

Candidate gene region for control of rib eye area in Canchim beef cattle

S. L. Meirelles, Gouveia, G. V., Gasparin, G., Alencar, M. M., Gouveia, J. J. S., and Regitano, L. C. A., “Candidate gene region for control of rib eye area in Canchim beef cattle”, vol. 10, pp. 1220-1226, 2011.

Investigation of molecular marker effects on production traits is essential to define marker assisted selection strategies in beef cattle. We looked for a possible association of molecular markers and backfat thickness (BFT) and rib eye area (REA) in Canchim (5/8 Charolais + 3/8 Zebu) and MA (offspring of Charolais bulls and 1/2 Canchim + 1/2 Zebu cows) animals raised exclusively on pasture. Traits were measured on 987 individuals from seven herds from two Brazilian States (São Paulo and Goiás), in March and April from 2005 to 2007, when animals were, on average, 19 months of age.

Molecular cloning, characterization and association analysis of the promoter region of the bovine CDK6 gene

Y. F. Liu, Zan, L. S., Cui, W. T., Xin, Y. P., Jiao, Y., and Li, K., “Molecular cloning, characterization and association analysis of the promoter region of the bovine CDK6 gene”, vol. 10, pp. 1777-1786, 2011.

Cyclin-dependent kinase 6 (CDK6) is a key element of D-type cyclin holoenzymes. It is involved in the regulation of the G1-phase of the cell cycle and is considered to be an important candidate gene for selection of body measurement traits through marker-assisted selection. We cloned the promoter sequence of this gene in bovines and found it to share high similarity with that of the human CDK6 promoter.

Association between IGF2 and CYP21 gene polymorphisms and characteristics of economic interest in Nellore cattle

M. A. da Silva, Rios, A. F. L., Ramos, E. S., Lôbo, R. B., Oliveira, H. N., and de Freitas, M. A. R., “Association between IGF2 and CYP21 gene polymorphisms and characteristics of economic interest in Nellore cattle”, vol. 10, pp. 2140-2147, 2011.

We analyzed two single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the IGF2 and CYP21 genes in Nellore cattle participating in the Brazilian Animal Breeding Program. The SNPs were found in exon 6 of the IGF2 (insulin-like growth factor 2) gene (RFLP/MboII) as well as in the promoter region of the CYP21 (steroid 21-hydroxylase) gene (RFLP/HpaII) of these animals. The TC heterozygotes were significantly more frequent than CC and TT homozygotes in the RFLP/MboII polymorphism.

Molecular characterization, polymorphism of the ACOX1 gene and association with ultrasound traits in Bos taurus

Y. Jiao, Zan, L. S., Liu, Y. F., and Wang, H. B., “Molecular characterization, polymorphism of the ACOX1 gene and association with ultrasound traits in Bos taurus”, vol. 10, pp. 1948-1957, 2011.

Acyl-coenzyme A oxidase 1 (ACOX1) is the first enzyme in peroxisomal fatty acid β-oxidation; it is rate-limiting and plays a key role in fatty acid metabolism and fat deposition. ACOX1 is an important candidate gene for meat quality selection through marker-assisted selection. Genomic structural analysis showed that bovine ACOX1 shares 86% identity with human ACOX1. Using PCR-SSCP technology, we discovered a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) (A1865C) in exon 13 of the ACOX1 gene.

Back fat thickness and meat tenderness are associated with a 526 T→A mutation in the exon 1 promoter region of the MyF-5 gene in Chinese Bos taurus

J. A. Ujan, Zan, L. S., Ujan, S. A., Adoligbe, C., and Wang, H. B., “Back fat thickness and meat tenderness are associated with a 526 T→A mutation in the exon 1 promoter region of the MyF-5 gene in Chinese Bos taurus”, vol. 10, pp. 3070-3079, 2011.

Qualitative trait loci (QTL) for growth and meat quality traits in cattle (Bos taurus) have been previously mapped to three chromosome regions, 0 to 30, 55 to 70, and 70 to 80 cM on chromosome 5. We evaluated the allele frequencies and gene-specific single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of bovine myogenic factor 5 (MyF-5) in the QTL regions and their associations with live weight and meat characteristics in indigenous Chinese cattle breeds. PCR-SSCP methodology showed a T>A mutation at 526 bp.

Using PCR for early diagnosis of bovine leukemia virus infection in some native cattle

M. R. Mohammadabadi, Soflaei, M., Mostafavi, H., and Honarmand, M., “Using PCR for early diagnosis of bovine leukemia virus infection in some native cattle”, vol. 10, pp. 2658-2663, 2011.

Bovine leukemia virus (BLV), the causative agent of enzootic bovine leukosis, is an exogenous, B lymphotropic retrovirus belonging to the Retroviridae family that induces persistent lymphocytosis in cattle and sheep. PCR has proven to be particularly suitable for investigating herds of cattle with a very low incidence of BLV infection and for clarifying doubtful serological results obtained by immunodiffusion or ELISA. The native Iranian and Russian cattle have a series of valuable traits that discriminate them as unique breeds that are well able to compete with western analogues.

A novel polymorphism of the myogenin gene is associated with body measurement traits in native Chinese breeds

M. Xue, Zan, L. S., Gao, L., and Wang, H. B., “A novel polymorphism of the myogenin gene is associated with body measurement traits in native Chinese breeds”, vol. 10, pp. 2721-2728, 2011.

Using PCR-SSCP and DNA sequencing technology, we examined the association of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the bovine MyoG gene with body measurement traits in 779 individuals of six native Chinese cattle breeds, namely Luxi, Luxi × Simmental crossbred, Nanyang, Xia’nan, Jiaxian red, and Qinchuan. A novel SNP, T314C, was detected. Allelic frequencies of MyoG-T/C in the six breeds were 0.8308/0.1692, 0.8774/0.1226, 0.8021/0.1979, 0.8209/0.1791, 0.8630/0.1370, 0.8044/0.1956, respectively.

Sexing single bovine blastomeres using TSPY gene amplification

M. C. A. Carneiro, Takeuchi, P. L., Araújo, A., Lôbo, R. B., Elias, F. P., Vila, R. A., Miranda-Furtado, C. L., and Ramos, E. S., “Sexing single bovine blastomeres using TSPY gene amplification”, vol. 10, pp. 3937-3941, 2011.

The testis-specific protein Y-encoded gene (TSPY) is a Y-specific gene present in variable copy number in many mammalian species, including cattle. We tested the applicability of the TSPY gene as a Y-specific marker to predict preimplantation embryo sex in Nelore (Bos indicus) cattle. Two blastomeres were removed from each embryo. A total of 36 single blastomeres and the remaining cells of their 18 matched in vitro conceived embryos were screened for TSPY amplification by nested-PCR.

Imprinted gene expression in in vivo- and in vitro-produced bovine embryos and chorio-allantoic membranes

F. Perecin, Méo, S. C., Yamazaki, W., Ferreira, C. R., Merighe, G. K. F., Meirelles, F. V., and Garcia, J. M., “Imprinted gene expression in in vivo- and in vitro-produced bovine embryos and chorio-allantoic membranes”, vol. 8, pp. 76-85, 2009.

Cloning by nuclear transfer is often associated with poor results due to abnormal nuclear reprogramming of somatic donor cells and altered gene expression patterns. We investigated the expression patterns of imprinted genes IGF2 and IGF2R in 33- to 36-day bovine embryos and chorio-allantoic membranes derived from in vivo- and in vitro-produced embryos by somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT), parthenogenetic activation, and in vitro fertilization (IVF).

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