Breeding

Genetic parameters and prediction of genotypic values for root quality traits in cassava using REML/BLUP

E. J. Oliveira, Santana, F. A., Oliveira, L. A., and Santos, V. S., Genetic parameters and prediction of genotypic values for root quality traits in cassava using REML/BLUP, vol. 13, pp. 6683-6700, 2014.

The aim of this study was to estimate the genetic parameters and predict the genotypic values of root quality traits in cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) using restricted maximum likelihood (REML) and best linear unbiased prediction (BLUP). A total of 471 cassava accessions were evaluated over two years of cultivation. The evaluated traits included amylose content (AML), root dry matter (DMC), cyanogenic compounds (CyC), and starch yield (StYi).

Multivariate analysis in a genetic divergence study of Psidium guajava

A. M. Nogueira, Ferreira, M. F. S., Guilhen, J. H. S., and Ferreira, A., Multivariate analysis in a genetic divergence study of Psidium guajava, vol. 13, pp. 10657-10668, 2014.

The family Myrtaceae is widespread in the Atlantic Forest and is well-represented in the Espírito Santo State in Brazil. In the genus Psidium of this family, guava (Psidium guajava L.) is the most economically important species. Guava is widely cultivated in tropical and subtropical countries; however, the widespread cultivation of only a small number of guava tree cultivars may cause the genetic vulnerability of this crop, making the search for promising genotypes in natural populations important for breeding programs and conservation.

Microsporogenesis in Brachiaria brizantha (Poaceae) as a selection tool for breeding

M. S. Pagliarini, Valle, C. B., Santos, E. M., Mendes, D. V., Bernardo, Z. H., Mendes-Bonato, A. B., Silva, N., and Calisto, V., Microsporogenesis in Brachiaria brizantha (Poaceae) as a selection tool for breeding, vol. 11, pp. 1309-1318, 2012.

The genus Brachiaria comprises more than 100 species and is the single most important genus of forage grass in the tropics. Brachiaria brizantha, widely used in Brazilian pastures for beef and dairy production, is native to tropical Africa. As a subsidy to the breeding program underway in Brazil, cytological studies were employed to determine the chromosome number and to evaluate microsporogenesis in 46 accessions of this species available at Embrapa Beef Cattle (Brazil).

Polymorphisms in FGFBP1 and FGFBP2 genes associated with carcass and meat quality traits in chickens

A. M. Felício, Boschiero, C., Balieiro, J. C. C., Ledur, M. C., Ferraz, J. B. S., Moura, A. S. A. M. T., and Coutinho, L. L., Polymorphisms in FGFBP1 and FGFBP2 genes associated with carcass and meat quality traits in chickens, vol. 12, pp. 208-222, 2013.

In the past, the focus of broiler breeding programs on yield and carcass traits improvement led to problems related to meat quality. Awareness of public concern for quality resulted in inclusion of meat quality traits in the evaluation process. Nevertheless, few genes associated with meat quality attributes are known. Previous studies mapped quantitative trait loci for weight at 35 and 42 days in a region of GGA4 flanked by the microsatellite markers, MCW0240 and LEI0063.

Biological and molecular characterization of silkworm strains from the Brazilian germplasm bank of Bombyx mori

N. C. Pereira, Munhoz, R. E. F., Bignotto, T. S., Bespalhuk, R., Garay, L. B., Saez, C. R. N., Fassina, V. A., Nembri, A., and Fernandez, M. A., Biological and molecular characterization of silkworm strains from the Brazilian germplasm bank of Bombyx mori, vol. 12, pp. 2138-2147, 2013.

Brazil has only one public genetic pool of Bombyx mori strains, which was established in 2005 at Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá, Paraná State. This genetic bank has been maintained, and the strains have been characterized using genetic and morphological tools. The quantitative and qualitative traits, directly or indirectly related to productivity, were evaluated in 14 silkworm strains. In addition to biological and productivity analyses, DNA markers related to susceptibility to the B. mori nucleopolyhedrovirus (BmNPV) were analyzed.

Molecular characterization of high performance inbred lines of Brazilian common beans

P. C. B. Cardoso, Veiga, M. M., de Menezes, I. P. P., Valdisser, P. A. M. R., Borba, T. C. O., Melo, L. C., Del Peloso, M. J., Brondani, C., and Vianello, R. P., Molecular characterization of high performance inbred lines of Brazilian common beans, vol. 12, pp. 5467-5484, 2013.

The identification of germplasm genetic variability in breeding programs of the common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) is essential for determining the potential of each combination of parent plants to obtain superior genotypes. The present study aimed to estimate the extent of genetic diversity in 172 lines and cultivars of the common bean by integrating five tests of value for cultivation and use (VCU) that were conducted over the last eight years by the breeding program of Embrapa Arroz e Feijão in Brazil.

Use of morpho-agronomic traits and DNA profiling for classification of genetic diversity in papaya

O. N. de Jesus, de Freitas, J. P. X., Dantas, J. L. L., and de Oliveira, E. J., Use of morpho-agronomic traits and DNA profiling for classification of genetic diversity in papaya, vol. 12, pp. 6646-6663, 2013.

We examined the genetic diversity of papaya (Carica papaya) based on morpho-agronomic and molecular data. Twenty-seven genotypes grown in Brazil were analyzed with 11 AFLP primer combinations, 23 ISSR markers, 22 qualitative, and 30 quantitative descriptors. For the joint analyses, we used the Gower algorithm (Joint Gower) and the average value of the individual dissimilarity matrix for each type of data (Average-Joint Gower); 359 AFLP and 52 ISSR polymorphic bands were found.

Meiotic behavior as a selection tool in silage corn breeding

V. F. Souza, Pagliarini, M. S., Scapim, C. A., Rodovalho, M., and Faria, M. V., Meiotic behavior as a selection tool in silage corn breeding, vol. 9, pp. 2096-2103, 2010.

In breeding programs, commercial hybrids are frequently used as a source of inbred lines to obtain new hybrids. Considering that maize production is dependent on viable gametes, the selection of populations to obtain inbred lines with high meiotic stability could contribute to the formation of new silage corn hybrids adapted to specific region. We evaluated the meiotic stability of five commercial hybrids of silage corn used in southern Brazil with conventional squashing methods. All of them showed meiotic abnormalities.

Meiotic behavior in nonaploid accessions of Brachiaria humidicola (Poaceae) and implications for breeding

K. R. Boldrini, Adamowski, E. V., Silva, N., Pagliarini, M. S., and Valle, C. B., Meiotic behavior in nonaploid accessions of Brachiaria humidicola (Poaceae) and implications for breeding, vol. 10, pp. 169-176, 2011.

Brachiaria humidicola is a grass adapted to seasonally swampy grasslands in Africa; two cultivars, ‘common’ and Llanero, are widely used in Brazilian pastures. New cultivars are in great demand in order to diversify current production systems to achieve improved quality and yield. Cytological analyses of 55 accessions of this species available from the Embrapa Beef Cattle germplasm collection revealed that 27 are apomictic and have 2n = 54 chromosomes.

ms17: a meiotic mutation causing partial male sterility in a corn silage hybrid

M. S. Pagliarini, Souza, V. F., Silva, N., Scapim, C. A., Rodovalho, M., and Faria, M. V., ms17: a meiotic mutation causing partial male sterility in a corn silage hybrid, vol. 10. pp. 1958-1962, 2011.

Cytological analysis under light microscopy of the single hybrid P30R50 of silage corn revealed an abnormal pattern of microsporogenesis that affected the meiotic products. Meiosis progressed normally until diakinesis, but before migration to the metaphase plate, bivalents underwent total desynapsis and 20 univalent chromosomes were scattered in the cytoplasm. At this stage, meiocytes also exhibited a number of chromatin-like fragments scattered throughout the cell.

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