Apoptosis

Anticancer activity of Bombyx batryticatus ethanol extract against the human tumor cell line HeLa

W. P. Wu, Cao, J., Wu, J. Y., Chen, H., and Wang, D., “Anticancer activity of Bombyx batryticatus ethanol extract against the human tumor cell line HeLa”, vol. 14, pp. 79-88, 2015.

Anticancer activity of Bombyx batryticatus ethanol extract (BBE) against HeLa cells was studied using cell viability, DNA fragmentation, real-time polymerase chain reaction, and Western blot analyses. The BBE inhibited the growth and induced apoptosis of HeLa cells. The MTT assay indicated that the BBE induced cytotoxicity in HeLa cells in a time- and concentration-dependent manner. When HeLa cells were treated for 48 h, the 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50) value for the BBE was 1.564 mg/mL.

Mitochondria-dependent apoptogenic activity of the aqueous root extract of Croton membranaceus against human BPH-1 cells

D. K. Afriyie, Asare, G. A., Bugyei, K., Lin, J., Peng, J., and Hong, Z., “Mitochondria-dependent apoptogenic activity of the aqueous root extract of Croton membranaceus against human BPH-1 cells”, vol. 14, pp. 149-162, 2015.

Croton membranaceus aqueous root extract (CMARE) is among the widely used phytotherapeutics in Ghana for the management of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and prostate cancer. However, the mechanism of action of CMARE remains to be elucidated. This study aimed to establish whether apoptosis is involved in the antiproliferative effect of CMARE on human BPH-1 cells. We determined the effect of treatment with 0, 1, 3, and 5 mg/mL CMARE for 24, 48, and 72 h on the viability and morphology of BPH-1 cells using the MMT assay and phase-contrast microscopy, respectively.

Effect of curcumin on the proliferation, apoptosis, migration, and invasion of human melanoma A375 cells

Y. P. Zhang, Li, Y. Q., Lv, Y. T., and Wang, J. M., “Effect of curcumin on the proliferation, apoptosis, migration, and invasion of human melanoma A375 cells”, vol. 14, pp. 1056-1067, 2015.

Malignant melanoma is a melanocytic tumor with a high potential of invasion and metastasis. Curcumin is extracted from Curcuma longa L.; curcumin has anti-tumor efficacy in multiple systemic malignancies. Here, we investigated the effect of curcumin on A375 human melanoma cells. A375 cells were cultivated, passaged, and treated with different concentrations of curcumin. We observed the cellular morphology and determined the migration, invasion, proliferation, and apoptosis of A375 cells in vitro.

Effect of TIEG1 on apoptosis and expression of Bcl-2/Bax and Pten in leukemic cell lines

K. Yao, Xing, H. C., Wu, B., Li, Y., Liao, A. J., Yang, W., and Liu, Z. G., “Effect of TIEG1 on apoptosis and expression of Bcl-2/Bax and Pten in leukemic cell lines”, vol. 14, pp. 1968-1974, 2015.

We examined the effect of transforming growth factor-b inducible early gene-1 (TIEG1) on the apoptosis of leukemic cell lines and expression of B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) and phosphatase and tensin homolog (Pten). Four leukemic cell lines (HL-60, U937, Raji, and K562) were treated with 0, 1, 5, 10, and 20 ng/mL TIEG1, respectively. The cell growth inhibitory ratio was assessed using the MTT assay. An inhibitory curve was drawn, and half-maximal inhibitory concentration was calculated.

Involvement of AP-1 in p38MAPK signaling pathway in osteoblast apoptosis induced by high glucose

Z. P. Feng, Deng, H. C., Jiang, R., Du, J., and Cheng, D. Y., “Involvement of AP-1 in p38MAPK signaling pathway in osteoblast apoptosis induced by high glucose”, vol. 14, pp. 3149-3159, 2015.

We investigated the effect of p38MAPK/AP-1 (activator protein-1) signaling on the apoptosis of osteoblasts induced by high glucose. A lentivirus vector of small hairpin RNA (shRNA) targeting p38MAPK was constructed in vitro. Osteoblasts MC3T3-E1 cultured in vitro were treated with vehicle, high glucose, p38MAPK-shRNA transfection, p38MAPK inhibitor, and unrelated shRNA transfection.

MicroRNA-21 promotes proliferation of rat hepatocyte BRL-3A by targeting FASLG

J. J. Li, Chan, W. H., Leung, W. Y., Wang, Y., and Xu, C. S., “MicroRNA-21 promotes proliferation of rat hepatocyte BRL-3A by targeting FASLG”, vol. 14, pp. 4150-4160, 2015.

Rat liver regeneration (RLR) induced by partial hepatectomy involves cell proliferation regulated by numerous factors, including microRNAs (miRNAs). miRNA high-throughput sequencing has been established and used to analyze miRNA expression profiles. This study showed that 39 miRNAs were related to RLR through the analysis of miRNA high-throughput sequencing. Their role toward rat normal hepatocyte line BRL-3A was studied by gain- and loss-of-function analyses, and one of them, microRNA-21 (miR-21), obviously upregulated and promoted BRL-3A cell proliferation.

Acute toxic effects of sonodynamic therapy on hypertrophic scar fibroblasts of rabbit ears

W. Li, Fei, J. F., Yang, Q., Li, B. L., Lin, C., Yue, Q., and Meng, Q. G., “Acute toxic effects of sonodynamic therapy on hypertrophic scar fibroblasts of rabbit ears”, vol. 14, pp. 4203-4214, 2015.

The objective of this study was to observe the acute cytotoxic effects of hematoporphyrin monomethyl ether sonodynamic therapy (HMME-SDT) on hypertrophic scar fibroblasts of rabbit ears. We first assessed the effects of different irradiation times and HMME concentrations on the survival of hypertrophic scar fibroblasts using the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay to determine the optimum irradiation time and HMME concentration.

Fyn arrests swainsonine-induced apoptosis in 293T cells via Akt and its phosphorylation

L. An, Li, W. W., and Cheng, G. C., “Fyn arrests swainsonine-induced apoptosis in 293T cells via Akt and its phosphorylation”, vol. 14, pp. 5304-5309, 2015.

Swainsonine (SW), an extract from Astragalus membranaceus, represents a new class of compounds that inhibit growth and induce apoptosis in a cancer model. In this study, we demonstrated the effect of Fyn on SW-induced apoptosis in 293T cells. Western blotting was used to measure the expression of the apoptosis-related factors caspase-3, Bcl-2, Bax, and the key factor Akt (also known as protein kinase B). Apoptosis increased dramatically after treatment with SW.

PUMA gene transfection can enhance the sensitivity of epirubicin-induced apoptosis of MCF-7 breast cancer cells

C. - G. Sun, Zhuang, J., Teng, W. - J., Wang, Z., and Du, S. - S., “PUMA gene transfection can enhance the sensitivity of epirubicin-induced apoptosis of MCF-7 breast cancer cells”, vol. 14, pp. 5742-5749, 2015.

We explored whether p53 upregulated modulator of apoptosis (PUMA) gene transfection could enhance the sensitivity of epirubicin-induced apoptosis of MCF-7 breast cancer cells. The liposome-mediated recombinant eukaryotic expression vector PU­MA-pCDNA3 and empty vector plasmid were stably transfected into MCF-7 cells. Epirubicin (0.01-100 μM) was applied to MCF-7, MCF-7/PUMA, and MCF-7/pCDNA3 cells for 72 h. The MTT assay was used to calculate the cell survival rate in each group, and the 50% in­hibitory concentration (IC50) was calculated.

Effect of Rhizoma paridis total saponins on apoptosis of colorectal cancer cells and imbalance of the JAK/STAT3 molecular pathway induced by IL-6 suppression

W. - J. Teng, Chen, P., Zhu, F. - Y., Di, K., Zhou, C., Zhuang, J., Cao, X. - J., Yang, J., Deng, L. - J., and Sun, C. - G., “Effect of Rhizoma paridis total saponins on apoptosis of colorectal cancer cells and imbalance of the JAK/STAT3 molecular pathway induced by IL-6 suppression”, vol. 14, pp. 5793-5803, 2015.

We observed the influence of different concentrations of Rhizoma paridis total saponins (RPTS) on the apoptosis of colorectal cancer cells and explored the internal mechanism involved. We determined whether RPTS influences the interleukin-6 (IL-6)/Janus kinase (JAK)-signal transducer and activator of transcription-3 (STAT3) apoptosis  molecular pathway and looked for colon cancer-related signal transduction pathways or targets inducing apoptosis.

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