Antioxidants

Antioxidant content and cytological examination of aqueous fluid from patients with age-related cataracts at different stages

X. Wang, Sun, J., Dang, G. F., Gao, Y., Duan, L., and Wu, X. Y., “Antioxidant content and cytological examination of aqueous fluid from patients with age-related cataracts at different stages”, vol. 14, pp. 6251-6255, 2015.

We investigated the antioxidant content and conducted a cytological examination of the aqueous fluid and lenses of patients with age-related cataracts at different stages. The levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-PX) in the aqueous fluid and lenses were determined by the xanthine oxidase method, the colorimetric method, and the improved reduced glutathione (GSH) depletion method, respectively. SOD, CAT, and GSH-PX content in the aqueous fluid and lenses decreased significantly with increasing lenticular nucleus hardness grading.

Cytotoxic and mutagenic effects of iodine-131 and radioprotection of acerola (Malpighia glabra L.) and beta-carotene in vitro

I. V. Almeida, Düsman, E., Heck, M. C., Pamphile, J. A., Lopes, N. B., Tonin, L. T. D., and Vicentini, V. E. P., “Cytotoxic and mutagenic effects of iodine-131 and radioprotection of acerola (Malpighia glabra L.) and beta-carotene in vitro”, vol. 12, pp. 6402-6413, 2013.

The radioisotope iodine-131 [131I] can damage DNA. One way to prevent this is to increase the amount of antioxidants via dietary consumption. The goal of this study was to evaluate the radioprotective effect of fresh acerola pulp and synthetic beta-carotene in Rattus norvegicus hepatoma cells (HTC) in response to [131I] exposure in vitro. Cellular DNA damage was subsequently assessed using a cytokinesis block micronucleus assay.

Protective effects of β-carotene against the genotoxicity of doxorubicin in somatic cells of Drosophila melanogaster

C. D. Dias, Araújo, B. C., Dutra, E. S., and Nepomuceno, J. C., “Protective effects of β-carotene against the genotoxicity of doxorubicin in somatic cells of Drosophila melanogaster”, vol. 8, pp. 1367-1375, 2009.

β-carotene (BC), pro-vitamin A, is an efficient antioxidant, effective in the neutralization of oxygen reactive species, which cause serious damage to DNA. Various studies have been conducted on the effectiveness of BC for chemoprevention of cancer and heart disease. Doxorubicin is a chemotherapeutic agent used for cancer treatment that generates free radicals. We examined the effects of BC (1, 2 and 4 mg/mL) on the genotoxicity of doxorubicin (0.125 mg/mL), using the wing spot test in Drosophila melanogaster (somatic mutation and recombination test).

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