Abiotic stress

Expression of genes related to tolerance to low temperature for maize seed germination

I. C. Silva-Neta, Pinho, E. V., Veiga, A. D., Pìnho, R. G., Guimarães, R. M., Caixeta, F., Santos, H. O., and Marques, T. L., “Expression of genes related to tolerance to low temperature for maize seed germination”, vol. 14, pp. 2674-2690, 2015.

The aim of this study was to characterize maize lines tolerant to cold temperatures during the germination process. Seeds from lines with different levels of tolerance to low temperatures were used; 3 lines were classified as tolerant and 3 as susceptible to low germination temperatures. A field was set up to multiply seeds from selected lines. After the seeds were harvested and classified, we conducted physiological tests and analyzed fatty acid content of palmitic, stearic, oleic, linoleic, linolenic, and eicosenoic acids.

A comparative study of stress-related gene expression under single stress and intercross stress in rice

Y. P. Zhang, E, Z. G., Jiang, H., Wang, L., Zhou, J., and Zhu, D. F., “A comparative study of stress-related gene expression under single stress and intercross stress in rice”, vol. 14, pp. 3702-3717, 2015.

Plant hormones play important roles in the crosstalk between biotic and abiotic stresses in rice throughout its entire growth period. However, these interactions are not completely understood. In this study, the physiological performance of rice seedlings under a single stress and a sequential combination of various stresses (intercross stress) was determined. We found that catalase, superoxide dismutase, and peroxidase activities and malondialdehyde were highly regulated by intercross stresses.

Cloning and expression analysis of a stress-induced GmIMT1 gene in soybean (Glycine max)

H. T. Wang, Guo, N., Zhao, J. M., Karthikeyan, A., Xue, D., Xue, C. C., Xu, J. Y., Xu, Z. H., Gai, J. Y., and Xing, H., “Cloning and expression analysis of a stress-induced GmIMT1 gene in soybean (Glycine max)”, vol. 13, pp. 806-818, 2014.

Here, we aimed to clone and identify the GmIMT1 gene related to the salt stress response in soybean. The full-length cDNA sequence of the GmIMT1 gene was amplified in soybean using degenerate primers of Mesembrythmum crystallium. To understand the stress response, the GmIMT1 gene was cloned and sequenced. Then, the expression vectors of the gene were constructed, and introduced into the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana through Agrobacterium mediated transformation, and the salt tolerance was analyzed in the transgenic plants.

Phosphate-induced-1 gene from Eucalyptus (EgPHI-1) enhances osmotic stress tolerance in transgenic tobacco

A. O. Sousa, Assis, E. T. C. M., Pirovani, C. P., Alvim, F. C., and Costa, M. G. C., “Phosphate-induced-1 gene from Eucalyptus (EgPHI-1) enhances osmotic stress tolerance in transgenic tobacco”, vol. 13, pp. 1579-1588, 2014.

Environmental stresses such as drought, freezing, and high salinity induce osmotic stress in plant cells. The plant response to osmotic stress involves a number of physiological and developmental changes, which are made possible, in part, by the modulation of the expression of specific genes.

Selection indices to identify drought-tolerant grain sorghum cultivars

C. B. Menezes, Ticona-Benavente, C. A., Tardin, F. D., Cardoso, M. J., Bastos, E. A., Nogueira, D. W., Portugal, A. F., Santos, C. V., and Schaffert, R. E., “Selection indices to identify drought-tolerant grain sorghum cultivars”, vol. 13, pp. 9817-9827, 2014.

Twenty-five cultivars of grain sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] were examined under both drought stress and normal conditions in 4 experiments. In each condition, genotypes were evaluated in a factorial experiment using a randomized complete block design with 3 replications.

Changes in protein profile detected in seedlings of Caesalpinia peltophoroides (Fabaceae) after exposure to high concentration of cadmium

L. M. C. Gomes, Gesteira, A. S., de Almeida, A. - A. F., de Castro, A. V., Dias, L. O., Pirovani, C. P., and Gomes, F. P., “Changes in protein profile detected in seedlings of Caesalpinia peltophoroides (Fabaceae) after exposure to high concentration of cadmium”, vol. 11, pp. 2694-2707, 2012.

Sibipiruna (Caesalpinia peltophoroides Benth) is a tree of the Brazilian Atlantic Forest. It is a flowering ornamental tree widely planted throughout Brazil and indicated for restoration of degraded areas. We examined protein profile changes in leaves of seedlings of C. peltophoroides grown in nutrient solution under greenhouse conditions, after exposure to cadmium (Cd; 32 mg/L). A two-dimensional gel was used to analyze proteins expressed in response to stress 24 and 72 h after initiation of treatment with Cd.

Regulation of ATG6/Beclin-1 homologs by abiotic stresses and hormones in rice (Oryza sativa L.)

R. M. Rana, Dong, S., Ali, Z., Huang, J., and Zhang, H. S., “Regulation of ATG6/Beclin-1 homologs by abiotic stresses and hormones in rice (Oryza sativa L.)”, vol. 11, pp. 3676-3687, 2012.

Autophagy, a complex and conserved mechanism, serving as a defense response in all eukaryotic organisms, is regulated by several proteins, among which ATG proteins are the most important due to their involvement in autophagosome formation. ATG6/Beclin-1 proteins, reported to be essential for autophagosome formation and assigned as a conserved domain, were subjected to database searches. We found three homologs in the rice (Oryza sativa) genome.

Aluminum triggers broad changes in microRNA expression in rice roots

J. C. Lima, Arenhart, R. A., Margis-Pinheiro, M., and Margis, R., “Aluminum triggers broad changes in microRNA expression in rice roots”, vol. 10, pp. 2817-2832, 2011.

MicroRNAs are small 21-nucleotide RNA molecules with regulatory roles in development and in response to stress. Expression of some plant miRNAs has been specifically associated with responses to abiotic stresses caused by cold, light, iron, and copper ions. In acid soils, aluminum solubility increases, thereby causing severe damage to plants. Although physiological aspects of aluminum toxicity in plants have been well characterized, the molecular mediators are not fully elucidated. There have been no reports about miRNA responses to aluminum stress.

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