THE ROLE OF MOLECULAR BIOMARKERS IN PREDICTING THE EFFECTIVENESS OF PSYCHOTHERAPY IN ANXIETY AND DEPRESSIVE DISORDERS

Abstract

The review analyzes the role of molecular biomarkers in predicting the effectiveness of psychotherapy in anxiety and depressive disorders, with an emphasis on neurotrophic, inflammatory, neurotransmitter, and genetic-epigenetic predictors. The presented data demonstrate that the variability of biological systems, from neuroplasticity to immune activity, determines individual differences in therapeutic response and can serve as the basis for a personalized choice of psychotherapeutic strategies. Special attention is paid to multiomic approaches and extracellular vesicles as promising sources of highly informative biomarkers capable of improving the accuracy of clinical prognosis. The systematization of the results of modern research makes it possible to form a conceptual model of precision psychotherapy that combines data from various biological levels. The generalizations obtained can be useful to specialists focused on the introduction of biomarkers into the practice of mental health, as well as to researchers engaged in the development of new tools for personalized treatment.